Fumana esona sisombululo silungileyo sokuthumela ngenqanawa ukusuka eTshayina

Xa kufunwa iimpahla ezivela eTshayina, ukuhambisa iimpahla kunokuba yinkqubo enzima. Ukukhetha ukhetho olufanelekileyo lothutho lufanelekile ukuqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa kwangexesha, ukunyaniseka kwemveliso kunye neendleko zomthwalo.

Ukusuka kweli nqaku, ligxininisa kwizisombululo zeendlela zokuthutha eziqhelekileyo, ukuze ukwazi ukuqonda indlela yokukhetha okulungileyo kuwe kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo. Hlalutya okuhle kunye nokubi kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zezisombululo zezothutho kwaye uqokelele iingcebiso ezisebenzayo ukwenza ulawulo lwakho lolungiselelo lube lula, nto leyo ibaluleke kakhulu kumashishini amancinci kunye ne-e-commerce!

1.Ngubani onokubonelela ngeenkonzo zolungiselelo

Xa uthumela iimpahla ezivela e-China kwakhona, ukhetho lwe-logistics lunzima kakhulu, ngakumbi xa ujongene neendlela ezininzi zokuthutha kunye nabanikezeli benkonzo, indlela yokufumana isisombululo esifanelekileyo ngokwenene?

Enyanisweni, abathumeli bempahla bamazwe ngamazwe kunye neenkampani zothutho zezona zimbini iinketho eziphambili, kwaye iinkonzo zabo zineempawu zazo:

Inkampani yezothutho: ukuhanjiswa ngokuthe ngqo kwempahla kwindawo ekuyiwa kuyo

Iinkampani zezothutho ngabona badlali baphambili abaqhuba umsebenzi wokuthutha iimpahla, ezinje ngeenqanawa ezithwala ulwandle, iinkampani ezithutha inqwelo moya, kunye neenkampani zamazwe ngamazwe zokuthutha iimpahla. Babonelela kuphela ngeenkonzo zothutho, kwaye ezinye iinkalo kufuneka zisingathwe ziinkampani ngokwazo.

I-International Freight Forwarders: “Abaphathi” beLizwe loLungiselelo

Abathumeli bempahla bangoochwephesha abalungiselela yonke inkqubo yokuhanjiswa kwempahla ukusuka ekuqokeleleni imithwalo, ukukhutshwa kwempahla ukuya kwezothutho kunye ne-inshurensi. Baya kukhetha eyona ndlela ifanelekileyo yothutho (umzekelo, uthutho lomoya, ulwandle okanye umzila kaloliwe) ngokwendalo, ubungakanani kunye nexesha elifanelekileyo lempahla.

Abathumeli bempahla bahlala benokufikelela kwintsebenziswano enkulu neenkampani zokuthumela ngenqanawa, iinqwelomoya, njalo njalo, ukuze bakufumanele amaxabiso aphantsi othutho kunokunxibelelana ngokuthe ngqo. Inzuzo yexabiso lomthumeli wempahla ibonakala ngokukodwa kwiimpahla ezinkulu.

Ukuba usaqala ukungenisa iimpahla ezivela e-China, inkalo ye-logistics inokudideka, ngakumbi ukhetho lwe-custom clearance, i-custom brokerage kunye neendlela zokuthutha. Umthumeli wempahla unokukunceda ukulungisa inkqubo kwaye ugweme iimpazamo okanye ukulibaziseka okubangelwa ukungazi inkqubo.

Ukuthenga kwakho kubandakanya amazwe amaninzi okanye imimandla, kwaye ukukhetha umthumeli wempahla kuya kuba luncedo ngakumbi. Umthuthi wempahla unokukunika izisombululo zothutho kunye neenkonzo kwiimarike ezahlukeneyo ngaphandle kokufuna ukuba unxibelelane nabathwali abaninzi ngokwakho.

Umthwalo omninzi kubiza kakhulu ukuwuthutha, kwaye abathumeli bomthwalo banokukunceda ukuba ufumane amaxabiso othutho akhuphisanayo ngothungelwano lwabo lothutho lwehlabathi. Ngokukodwa xa umthamo wakho unyuka, abathumeli bempahla banokukufumana amaxabiso aphantsi kunabathengisi ngabanye.

Ukuba ufuna ukuya ngqo kumthumeli wempahla endaweni yokuya kumthengisi, ungazama ukucela iingcebiso ezingabizi kakhulu zabathumeli bempahla abathembekileyo obathembileyo. Okanye uye ngqo kuGoogle ukufumana abathumeli bempahla, okanye uzame amaqonga omthwalo wamazwe ngamazwe anje Abahambi kwaye Flexport ngemibuzo.

IFreightos ibonelela ngeenkonzo zothutho zehlabathi, kodwa igxile ekuthuthweni elwandle nasemoyeni. Isenokuba neenketho ezininzi ezilinganiselweyo kwiindlela ezithile zothutho (umzekelo, uloliwe okanye uthutho lwangaphakathi), ngakumbi kumazwe athile nakwimimandla.

Kubathengi abafuna ulawulo oludityanisiweyo lonikezelo okanye imisebenzi entsonkothileyo yolungiselelo, iFreightos ingaphezulu kweqonga lokuthelekisa ixabiso kunomniki wenkonzo yolungiselelo olupheleleyo.

2. Yintoni ekufuneka uyazi malunga nemigaqo yorhwebo

Igama lokurhweba, libekwe ngokulula, sisivumelwano phakathi komthengi kunye nomthengisi kwimiba efana nokuthutha, ukuhanjiswa, kunye neendleko zempahla.

Enye yezona zinto zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwimigaqo yorhwebo kukuyenza icace kuwo omabini amaqela anoxanduva lokuhlawula iinqanawa, i-inshurensi, imisebenzi kunye nezinye iindleko. Ukuba uyazi kakuhle ukuba igama ngalinye lithetha ukuthini, unokuphepha uthethathethwano oluninzi kunye nokungaqondi malunga neendleko ezithile.

Ukuba ufuna ukufunda ngakumbi malunga neenkcukacha ezahlukeneyo malunga nemigaqo yorhwebo, le bhlog "Yiyiphi imigaqo esebenzayo yorhwebo?” kufuneka ndikuncede.

EXW (Ex Works): Le yeyona ndlela "ephantsi" kubathengi, kodwa kukho imingcipheko. Uxanduva lomthengisi luphela xa iimpahla zihanjiswa kwindawo yomthengisi. Ukususela ngoko, umthengi unoxanduva kuyo yonke into, kuquka ukuthutha, amasiko kunye ne-inshurensi. Ukuba ungumthengi, uya kuba noxanduva lokuququzelela kunye nokuhlawula yonke into.

I-FOB (Imahala xa ikhwele): Ngaphantsi kweemeko ze-FOB, uxanduva lomthengisi luphela xa iimpahla zilayishwa kwinqanawa kwi-port yokuhamba. Ukususela ngelo xesha, umthengi uthwala zonke iindleko kunye nobungozi.

I-CIF (Iindleko, i-Inshurensi kunye noThutho): Eli xesha lilungele umthengi kuba umthengisi unoxanduva lokuthutha kunye neendleko ze-inshorensi. Umthengisi uhambisa iimpahla kwizibuko lendawo, kodwa unoxanduva lokucoca amasiko kunye nokufumana iimpahla xa zifika.

I-DDP (uMsebenzi oZisiweyo uhlawulwe): le yeyona miqathango ithengiswa kakhulu. Umthengisi uphatha yonke into, kubandakanya ukuthumela, i-inshurensi, imisebenzi kunye neerhafu, de ube uhambisa. Kubathengi, oku kuthetha ubunzima obuncinci, kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo ixabiso eliphezulu.

3. Ukuhanjiswa ngokucacileyo ngaphantsi kwe-500kg

Xa ufuna ukuthumela into ngokukhawuleza, kodwa ubunzima obungekho ngaphezu kweekhilogram ezingama-500, ukuthunyelwa kwee-courier ngokuqhelekileyo kuyisisombululo esona sisombululo. Iyakhawuleza, ithembekile kwaye iqinisekisa ukuba ukuthunyelwa kwakho kufika ngexesha, nokuba yimveliso yeshishini okanye into yobuqu.

Iinzuzo eziphambili zeenkonzo zekhuriya:

Isantya esikhawulezayo: idla ngokuthatha iintsuku ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-5 ukuya kumazwe amakhulu anjenge-United States neYurophu.
Izinga eliphezulu ngexesha: ireyithi yexesha elinikezelweyo lidla ngokuba ngaphezulu kwama-95
Umngcipheko ophantsi womonakalo: iimpahla ezonakaliswe ngexesha lokuthutha, inkampani ye-courier inikezela ngeenkonzo zembuyekezo

Ukuthunyelwa kwe-express international phantsi kwe-500kg, i-DHL, i-FedEx, i-UPS, i-EMS kunye ne-SF zikhetho eziqhelekileyo; I-DHL kunye ne-FedEx zibonelela ngenkonzo ekhawulezayo nethembekileyo kwiipasile ezithatha ixesha; I-UPS inikeza uluhlu olubanzi lweenketho zokuthumela ukuze zihambelane neemfuno ezahlukeneyo; kunye ne-EMS kunye ne-SF zingabizi kwaye zifanelekile ukuthunyelwa apho iimfuno ezithintekayo ngexesha zingangxamisekanga, ngakumbi e-Asia, apho i-SF yomelele ngakumbi e-Asia.

Kunikezelo olucacileyo lwamazwe ngamazwe, amaxabiso adla ngokubalwa ngobunzima kunye nendawo ekuyiwa kuyo, kwaye eyona ndleko yothutho inokwahluka phakathi kweekhuriya kunye neendlela zothutho.

Ukusuka eChina ukuya eUnited States okanye eYurophu, ixabiso li-5 ~ 7 yeedola. Kuya kubiza kakhulu kwezinye iindawo, ngaphandle kwenethiwekhi yaseFransi amazwe aseAsia, angabizi kakhulu.

Iikhuriya zamazwe ngamazwe zidla ngokubala obona bunzima kunye nobunzima bomthamo kunye nentlawulo ngokwecala elinzima. Ifomula yokubala ubunzima bevolumetric iqhelekile:
Ubunzima beVolumetric = 6000 ubude x ububanzi x ubude

Uthutho nolungiselelo yinkqubo entsonkothileyo, kubandakanywa ukhetho lwendlela yothutho, ukucwangciswa kwendlela, ukulungiswa kwamaxwebhu, ukukhutshwa kwempahla kunye nokuhanjiswa kokugqibela. Abathumeli bempahla bayakwazi ukujongana nazo zonke ezi nkqubo zintsonkothileyo kwivenkile eyodwa.

Abathumeli bempahla badla ngokuba nobudlelwane bexesha elide kunye nomthamo omkhulu weemfuno zothutho, kwaye bayakwazi ukuthatha inzuzo yezaphulelo kwiinkampani zothutho. Ukuba uqhagamshelana nenkampani yezothutho ngokwakho, awukwazi ukufumana izaphulelo ezinjalo kumthengisi wempahla, kwaye kuya kufuneka ujongane nothethathethwano lwamaxabiso, ukuthelekisa, kunye neminye imisebenzi ngokwahlukeneyo, okuya kukhokelela kwiindleko eziphezulu.

4. Impahla enomthamo we-2 CBM okanye ngaphezulu

Xa ufuna ukuthutha iimpahla ezinkulu kune-2 cubic metres (CBM), imithwalo yolwandle yeyona ndlela iqhelekileyo kunye neyoqoqosho. Xa kuthelekiswa nothutho ngenqwelomoya, uthutho lwaselwandle lulungele ukuthunyelwa okukhulu, kunzima ngakumbi, ngakumbi xa iimfuno zangexesha zingekho ngqongqo kangako. Ngaphandle kwamaxesha amade okuhamba, imithwalo yaselwandle inika isisombululo esineendleko eziphezulu.

Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zokuthutha elwandle: Umthwalo ogcweleyo weKhonkrithi (i-FCL) kunye neNgaphantsi koMthwalo woMgqomo (LCL). Unomthamo owaneleyo wempahla (ngokuqhelekileyo izikhongozeli eziziimitha ezingama-20 okanye izikhongozeli eziziimitha ezingama-40), iFCL lolona khetho lufanelekileyo, kwaye le ndlela inexabiso eliphantsi.

Ukuba awunayo imithwalo eyaneleyo yokuzalisa isitya (ngokuqhelekileyo singaphantsi kwe-cubic metres ye-15), ukuthunyelwa kokudibanisa kuyindlela efanelekileyo ngakumbi.

Uthutho lwaselwandle lulungele ukuthunyelwa okukhulu kunye nobunzima okanye ukuthunyelwa okungamele kuhanjiswe ngexesha elifutshane.

Ukubalwa kweendleko zokuthutha elwandle kusekelwe ikakhulu kumthamo weempahla (kwi-cubic metres CBM), i-port of destination, indlela yokuthutha (i-FCL okanye i-LCL), iintlawulo ezongezelelweyo, njl.

Imowudi	Ukuhlawulisa	Imeko Esebenzayo
LCL	$500-$600	Umthamo omncinci wempahla (<15 CBM), hayi ngokungxama, ufuna ukubiza ngokuchanekileyo ngevolumu.
FCL	$1,500-$2,000	Umthwalo ogcweleyo wesikhongozeli (FCL) $1,500-$2,000 Umthamo omkhulu wempahla (>I-15 CBM), i-FCL inoqoqosho ngakumbi, ifanelekile kubathengi abafuna ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuhamba kunye nokuphucula ixesha lokuhamba.

5. Ukuthuthwa kwempahla ngenqwelomoya ngaphezulu kwe-500 kg

I-Airfreight lukhetho oluqinisekisiweyo nolusebenzayo lokuthutha imithwalo enobunzima obungaphezu kweekhilogram ezingama-500.

Uthutho ngenqwelomoya lunokufikelela phantse kuzo zonke izikhululo zeenqwelomoya zamazwe ngamazwe, ngakumbi ezo zixeko zigubungela iindawo zorhwebo zamazwe ngamazwe. Umzekelo, iindawo ezifana neLos Angeles, iFrankfurt, neSingapore zinothungelwano olusebenzayo lwezikhululo zeenqwelo moya.

Iodolo exabisa i-100,000 yeedola inokuthengiswa ngeentsuku ezintlanu emva kokufika e-U.S. ngenqwelo moya, ngelixa uthutho lwaselwandle lunokuthatha ngaphezulu kweentsuku ezingama-30.

Ngaphandle kweendleko eziphezulu zothutho ngenqwelomoya, isantya sayo, ukhuseleko, ukhuseleko, kunye nenkxaso yokuhlawula amatyala kuyenza ibe sisisombululo esithandwayo xa kuthunyelwa ngenqanawa ngaphezulu kweekhilogram ezingama-500 zeempahla, ngakumbi kwixabiso eliphezulu, iimeko zokuhanjiswa kwexesha.

Ngeempahla ezincinci, iindleko ze-express ziphantsi kwaye zibandakanya ukuhanjiswa kwendlu ngendlu; ngobuninzi beekhilogram ze-500 zempahla, ukuthuthwa ngomoya kunenzuzo ngakumbi ngokweendleko zeyunithi.

6. Imithwalo egcweleyo kaloliwe kaloliwe

Kwiinkampani ezithutha imithwalo emikhulu, uthutho lukaloliwe olugcweleyo luba yeyona ndlela isebenzayo yothutho elwandle kunye nomoya.

Kuthatha iintsuku ze-30-45 ukuhambisa i-container esuka e-China ukuya eYurophu ngolwandle, ngelixa imithwalo yesitimela inciphisa ixesha kwisiqingatha kwaye ingafika kwiintsuku ze-15-20.

Uthutho ngenqwelomoya luyakhawuleza kodwa lubiza kakhulu. Iindleko zokuthumela i-container ye-40-foot nge-air ingadlula i-$ 20,000, ngelixa iindleko zokuthutha umzila phakathi kwe-$ 5,000 kunye ne-$ 7,000, okwenza umzila wesitimela ube yindlela yoqoqosho ngakumbi. uthutho lukaloliwe, China-Europe Railway Express.

Uthutho lukaloliwe ludibanisa iTshayina kumazwe amaninzi aseYurophu naseAsia. Iindawo eziphambili zeYurophu, i-Asia Ephakathi, iRashiya kunye noMbindi Mpuma. Izixeko zokusuka zaseTshayina ezidumileyo ziquka iYiwu, iChongqing, iChengdu, iZhengzhou kunye neXi’an, ezinokudityaniswa neYurophu nge-Eurasian Railway.

7. I-E-commerce maritime express

Ukuba uqhuba ishishini le-e-commerce kwaye uthumela iimpahla rhoqo kumazwe ngamazwe, usenokuba ufumene igama elithi “ocean Express”. Le nkonzo yolungiselelo olukhethekileyo idibanisa ukusebenza kakuhle kweendleko zothutho lolwandle kunye nesantya sokuthumela ngenqanawa.

Amaqonga orhwebo adumileyo e-e-commerce ahlala edibanisa i-ocean express logistics ukwandisa amaxesha okuhanjiswa.

Mazon FBA (Ukuzalisekiswa yiAmazon): abathengisi abaninzi basebenzisa i-ocean Express ukuthumela uluhlu lwempahla kwiindawo zokugcina zase-Amazon e-US, eYurophu nase-Australia.
Abathengisi be-eBay: olu lukhetho olulungele iindleko zokuthunyelwa ngobuninzi kubathengi eYurophu okanye eAsia.
I-Alibaba kunye nabathengisi behlabathi: Ukuthunyelwa ngobuninzi nge-Ocean Express kunciphisa iindleko zokuthunyelwa kweemveliso ezithunyelwa ukusuka e-China ukuya kwiimarike zaseNtshona.

I-China ukuya e-USA: ngokuqhelekileyo i-15-25 iintsuku; i-China ukuya eYurophu: malunga neentsuku ze-20-30; i-China ukuya e-Australia: ithatha malunga neentsuku ze-12-20.Ukuba ufuna ukukhetha i-ocean express njengesisombululo sokuthumela, kukulungele ukubonisana nomthengisi wempahla. ehlala eTshayina kwaye wabandakanyeka IAmazon FBA.

8. Inyathelo lokugqibela kukukhutshwa kwempahla

Ukukhutshwa kwempahla ye-Customs yinqanaba lokugqibela lorhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe, kwaye ukukhutshwa kwamasiko kwangexesha kunye nempumelelo akuqinisekisi nje ukuba iimpahla zifika ngexesha, kodwa kuthintela ukulibaziseka okongeziweyo kunye neendleko.

Ngawaphi amaxwebhu afunekayo ukuze kukhululwe amatyala?

I-invoyisi yoRhwebo (I-invoyisi yoRhwebo): Ingxelo eneenkcukacha yexabiso lempahla, kuquka ulwazi malunga nomthengisi kunye nomthengi.
Uluhlu lokupakisha: ichaza umxholo othile, ubungakanani, ubunzima kunye nendlela yokupakisha yempahla.
IBhili yokuLawula (B/L): uxwebhu oluqinisekisa ukuthuthwa kwempahla.
Isatifikethi seMvelaphi (COO): Uxwebhu olungqina apho iimpahla zenziwe khona.
Ifomu yokuBhengeza iCustoms: Uxwebhu olusetyenziselwa ukubhengeza iinkcukacha zempahla.

Ukuba awuqhelananga kakhulu nenkqubo yokucocwa kwamasiko, unokukhetha umthuthi onamava ukuze akuncede uphathe zonke iinkqubo. Umthumeli uya kubonelela ngamaxwebhu ahambelanayo ngokwemigaqo-nkqubo kunye nemimiselo yelizwe ofuna ukuthumela kulo, ukonga ixesha.

Ehlabathini lonke amazwe amaninzi asebenzisa iHS Code (Harmonized System Code), kodwa amanye amazwe anokusebenzisa iirhafu ezahlukeneyo kwiimpahla ezifanayo. Umzekelo, i-Indiya ihlawulisa i-GST (iRhafu yeeMpahla neeNkonzo) ukongeza kumrhumo wempahla, ngelixa iimpahla ezisuka kwiManyano yaseYurophu zisenokuba phantsi kwe-VAT (iRhafu yeXabiso eyoNgezelelweyo).

Eyokugqibela

Ndiyathemba ukuba esi sithuba sezona zisombululo zilungileyo zokuthumela ngenqanawa ukusuka e-China kukuncedile ukuba uzive unentembelo ngakumbi ekujonganeni nenyathelo ngalinye lokungenisa impahla evela e-China. Ukuba unayo nayiphi na imibuzo malunga nale post, nceda undazise kwizimvo ezingezantsi.

IGoodcan yinkampani yokuthenga iarhente eYiwu, ukuba ufuna eyona nkonzo ilungileyo kwaye unikezela ngelona xabiso likhuphisanayo, nceda Qhagamshelana nathi!