Xa uza kuthumela imveliso, amagama anetha, ubunzima kunye nobunzima be-tare ahlala esetyenziswa kulungiselelo. Ukuba awuqhelananga nabo, ungakhathazeki, esi sithuba sigxile kokunye ukubhideka oya kudibana nakho. Siza kujonga ukuba ubunzima buthetha ntoni kunye nendlela yokubala ngokulula. Imiba ephambili eza kubandakanywa yile ilandelayo:
Yintoni ubunzima?
Ubunzima obushiyekileyo bubunzima beyona mveliso ngokwayo, ngaphandle kokupakishwa, izikhongozeli, okanye ezinye izinto ezisetyenziselwa ukuthumela ngenqanawa. Lo bubunzima bento oyithengisayo okanye oyithumelayo, ingabandakanyi ubunzima obongezelelweyo beebhokisi, ukupakishwa, okanye izizalisi.
Ifomula yokubala ubunzima obupheleleyo:
Ubunzima obuNina = Ubunzima obuninzi – Ubunzima beTare
- Ubunzima bokuqala bubunzima bubonke bemveliso kunye nokupakishwa kwayo.
- Ubunzima beTare bubunzima bezinto zokupakisha (ezifana neebhokisi, iplastiki, i-bubble wrap, njl.).
Umzekelo wokuqonda ngcono:
Masithi uthengisa ibhokisi yeetshokholethi:
- Ubunzima bokuqala: Ubunzima obupheleleyo beetshokolethi kunye nebhokisi, eyi-1.5kg.
- Ubunzima beTare: Ubunzima bebhokisi kunye naluphi na ukupakishwa kokukhusela, okuyi-0.3kg.
Ukubala i Ukusinda okushiyekile (ubunzima beetshokholethi nje), uya kubuthabatha ubunzima bethare kubunzima obugqithisileyo:
Ubunzima obuNina = 1.5kg (Ubunzima obuGross) – 0.3kg (Ubunzima beTare) = 1.2kg
Ngoko ke, i Ukusinda okushiyekile yeetshokholethi (ngaphandle kwebhokisi) yi 1.2kg.
Yintoni ubunzima?
Ubunzima bokuqala ibhekisa kubunzima bubonke bothutho, kuquka zombini imveliso ngokwayo kwaye ukupakishwa. Imele yonke into ethunyelwa ngenqanawa-imveliso, ibhokisi, isongelo kunye nazo naziphi na ezinye izinto ezisetyenziselwa ukukhusela ngexesha lokuthutha. Ngokusisiseko, ubunzima obugqithisileyo bubunzima obudityanisiweyo bempahla kunye nazo zonke izinto ezisetyenziselwa ukupakisha nokukhusela.
Iinkampani zokuthumela ngenqanawa kunye neenkonzo zolungiselelo zisebenzisa ubunzima bokuqala ukubala iindleko zokuthumela ngenqanawa kuba ichaza umthwalo othuthwayo wonke, hayi nje imveliso ngokwayo.
Ifomula yokubala ubunzima obuGqibeleleyo:
Ifomula yokubala ubunzima bokuqala ilula:
Ubunzima obuGqibeleleyo = Ubunzima obuNenethi + Ubunzima beTare
- Ukusinda okushiyekile bubunzima bemveliso yodwa, ngaphandle kokupakishwa.
- Ubunzima beTare bubunzima bezinto zokupakisha (ezifana neebhokisi, ukusonga, kunye nokupakisha).
Ngokudibanisa i Ukusinda okushiyekile (imveliso) kunye ne ubunzima (ukupakishwa), ufumana i ubunzima bokuqala.
Umzekelo wokuqonda ngcono:
Masithi uthumela ibhokisi yeencwadi:
- Ukusinda okushiyekile: Iincwadi ezingaphakathi kwebhokisi zinobunzima be-4kg.
- Ubunzima beTare: Ubunzima bebhokisi kunye nokukhusela i-bubble wrap yi-0.5kg.
Ukubala i ubunzima bokuqala, wongeza ngokulula ezi zimbini:
Ubunzima obuGqibeleleyo = 4kg (Ubunzima Net) + 0.5kg (Ubunzima beTare) = 4.5kg
Ngoko ke, i ubunzima bokuqala yokuthunyelwa kwakho (iincwadi + ukupakishwa) yi 4.5kg.
Ubunzima obushiyekileyo kunye nobunzima obugqithisileyo.
Ubunzima obupheleleyo sisiseko esisisiseko esisetyenziswa ziinkampani zokuthutha ukubala iindleko zokuthumela, njengoko iindleko zokuthumela zisekelwe kubunzima obupheleleyo kunye nomthamo. Ukuphakama kobunzima obonke, kokukhona ixabiso lezothutho liya kuba phezulu. Ngokwahlukileyo, ubunzima bomnatha bumele nje ubunzima bemveliso, ngaphandle kokupakishwa kunye nezinye izinto ezongezelelweyo.
Abaphathi be-Warehouse basebenzisa ubunzima bokulinganisa ubungakanani bokwenene bempahla, ngelixa ubunzima bobunzima bunceda abaphathi bacwangcise indawo yokugcina. Ubunzima obupheleleyo bunceda iinkampani zolungiselelo lolungiselelo ukuba zihlole ukuba kunzima kangakanani ukuthutha kunye nokuba ingakanani indawo efunekayo, ngelixa ubunzima obushiyekileyo bunceda ukuqonda ubungakanani bempahla kunye nokunceda oovimba balawule uluhlu lwempahla.
Kwizothutho zamazwe ngamazwe, amasiko afuna zombini iintsimbi kunye ne-gross weight. Ubunzima beNet ngokuqhelekileyo busetyenziselwa ukubala irhafu yokungenisa kunye nemisebenzi, ngelixa ubunzima obuphezulu buchaphazela iindleko kunye nokuhlelwa ngexesha lokuthutha. Ukugcwalisa ngokuchanekileyo umnatha kunye nobunzima obukhulu kwifomu yokubhengezwa kwamasiko kuqinisekisa ukuba ukuthunyelwa kucoca amasiko kakuhle kwaye kugweme iindleko ezongezelelweyo okanye ukulibaziseka okubangelwa ubunzima obungachanekanga.
Kumaxwebhu okuthumela ngenqanawa, iintsimbi zobunzima kunye ne-gross zidla ngokudweliswa ngokwahlukeneyo.
- Amaxwebhu okuthumela okanye ii-invoyisi: Amaxwebhu okuthumela kunye nee-invoyisi ziya kudwelisa ngokucacileyo i-net kunye ne-gross weights. Ubunzima obukhulu budla ngokubonakala ngakumbi kuba buchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo iindleko zothutho. Ubunzima obunetha budla ngokudweliswa kunye nenkcazo ethile yemveliso, okwenza kube lula ukuqinisekisa ubunzima bokwenene bento.
- Ukuleyibhelishwa kweCargo: Kwipakethe yangaphandle yemveliso, kukwakho neleyibhile ebonisa umnatha kunye nobunzima obugqithisileyo. Ezi lebhile zihlala ziqulethe zonke iinkcukacha zobunzima obufunekayo ngexesha lokuthutha, ukuqinisekisa ukuba inkampani yezothutho iya kukwazi ukucubungula ukuthunyelwa ngokusekelwe kule datha.
Kurhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe, ubunzima bobunzima kunye nobunzima obugqithisileyo buhlala bufuneka ukuba bufakwe kwifom yokubhengeza izithethe:
- Ukusinda okushiyekile: Ubunzima obushiyekileyo bemveliso yinto efunekayo ukuba ifakwe kwifomu yokubhengezwa kwezithethe. Lo bunzima busetyenziselwa ukubala iirhafu zempahla, iirhafu zokungenisa elizweni, njl njl. Ubunzima obuchanekileyo bunceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba imisebenzi kunye neerhafu zihlawulwa kwizinga elichanekileyo.
- Ubunzima bokuqala: Ubunzima obupheleleyo kufuneka bubonakaliswe kwifom ye-custos declaration kwaye isetyenziselwa ngokukodwa ukugqiba ubunzima obupheleleyo bokuthunyelwa. Amasiko aya kuhlala esebenzisa ubunzima obupheleleyo ukubala iindleko zothutho, ngakumbi ukuba iindlela ezininzi zothutho zisetyenziswa ngokufanayo (umzekelo, ulwandle kunye nomoya).
Yintoni ubunzima bokhula?
Ubunzima beTare ibhekisa kubunzima bepakethe okanye isikhongozeli esisetyenziselwa ukubamba imveliso ngexesha lothutho. Bubunzima bayo yonke into ngaphandle imveliso ngokwayo. Oku kubandakanya ubunzima bebhokisi, izinto zokusonga, iilebhile, iipaliti, okanye naziphi na ezinye izinto ezisetyenziselwa ukupakisha nokukhusela imveliso.
Ubunzima besikhongozeli esingenanto (Ubunzima beTare): Yonke into yokuthumela inqanawa inobunzima bayo bethare. Umzekelo, isikhongozeli esiqhelekileyo seenyawo ezingama-20 sinobunzima 2,300 kg (2.3 iitoni) xa ingenanto.
Xa uthumela iimpahla, ubunzima be-tare bubalulekile kuba bunceda ekubaleni ubunzima bokuqala, obubunzima bubonke bemveliso kunye nokupakishwa kwayo. Ngokwazi ubunzima be-tare, unokumisela ubunzima obunetha (obona bunzima bemveliso) ngokususa ubunzima be-tare kwi-gross weight.
Ifomula yokubala ubunzima:
Ukubala ubunzima, ungasebenzisa le fomula ilula:
Ubunzima beTare = Ubunzima obuninzi – Ukusinda okushiyekile
Apho:
- Ubunzima bokuqala bubunzima bubonke bemveliso kunye nokupakishwa kwayo.
- Ukusinda okushiyekile bubunzima bemveliso iyodwa, ngaphandle kokupakishwa okanye isikhongozeli.
Ngokuthabatha i Ukusinda okushiyekile (ubunzima bemveliso) ukusuka kwi ubunzima bokuqala (ubunzima bubonke ngokupakishwa), ufumana i ubunzima (ubunzima bokupakishwa).
Umzekelo wokuqonda ngcono:
1. 20-Unyawo High Cube Container (20′ HC)
- Ubunzima beTare (Isikhongozelo esingenanto): Ngokumalunga 2,300 kg (iitoni ezi-2.3)
- Ubunzima obuninzi obuninzi: Ngokujikeleza 30,480 kg (30.48 iitoni)
- Owona Mvumo mkhulu (Ubunzima boMthwalo): Susa ubunzima be-tare kobona bunzima bubonke:
30,480 kg – 2,300 kg = 28,180 kg
(Ngoko ke, obona bunzima buphezulu bomthwalo onokuthi uwulayishe kwisikhongozeli setyhubhu esiziimitha ezingama-20 ukuphakama 28,180 kg).
Ubunzima obuGqibeleleyo (buLayishwe ngokupheleleyo): Xa ilayishwe ngokupheleleyo, iyonke ubunzima bokuqala ye 20-foot ubude ityhubhu isikhongozeli siya kuba sijikeleza 30,480 kg.
2. 40-Unyawo High Cube Container (40′ HC)
- Ubunzima beTare (Isikhongozelo esingenanto): Ngokumalunga 3,700 kg (Iitoni ezi-3.7)
- Ubunzima obuninzi obuninzi: Ngokujikeleza 32,500 kg (32.5 iitoni)
- Owona Mvumo mkhulu (Ubunzima boMthwalo): Susa ubunzima be-tare kobona bunzima bubonke:
32,500 kg – 3,700 kg = 28,800 kg
(Ngoko ke, obona bunzima buphezulu bomthwalo onokuthi uwulayishe kwisikhongozeli setyhubhu esiziimitha ezingama-40 ubude 28,800 kg).
Ubunzima obuGqibeleleyo (buLayishwe ngokupheleleyo): Xa ilayishwe ngokupheleleyo, iyonke ubunzima bokuqala ye 40-foot ubude ityhubhu isikhongozeli siya kuba sijikeleza 32,500 kg.
| Uhlobo lwesikhongozeli | Ubunzima beTare | Ubunzima obuninzi obuninzi | Uwona Mlayisho mkhulu (Umthwalo) | Ubunzima obuGqibeleleyo (buLayishwe ngokupheleleyo) |
| Iityhubhu eziphakamileyo ezingama-20 (20′ HC) | 2,300 kg | 30,480 kg | 28,180 kg | 30,480 kg |
| 40-Foot High Cube (40′ HC) | 3,700 kg | 32,500 kg | 28,800 kg | 32,500 kg |
Ubunzima beTare kunye nobunzima obugqithisileyo.
Ubunzima beTare budla ngokuba bubunzima obungenanto besikhongozeli, ipallet okanye esinye isikhongozeli sokupakisha. Ayibandakanyi ubunzima bempahla, kodwa kuphela ubunzima besitya sokuthumela okanye iphakheji.
Ubunzima bubonke bubunzima bempahla, kubandakanywa ubunzima bempahla ngokwazo (ubunzima obushiyekileyo) kunye nobunzima bazo zonke iipakethe kunye nezikhongozeli. Ubunzima obupheleleyo bulingana nenethi ubunzima bempahla kunye nobunzima bokupakishwa kunye neendlela zokuthutha.
Ubudlelwane phakathi kobunzima bethare kunye nobunzima obugqithisileyo
Ubunzima obupheleleyo = ubunzima bomnatha + ubunzima bokupakisha + ubunzima be-tare (ubunzima besitya sothutho)
Umzekelo: ukubalwa kobunzima obupheleleyo bempahla efakwe kwisingxobo
Masithi ungenisa impahla evela eTshayina kwisikhongozeli esisemgangathweni esizinyawo ezingama-20. Makhe sibone indlela yokubala ubunzima obupheleleyo ngobunzima obunzima.
- Ubunzima be-Net Cargo: Ubunzima bolu kuthunyelwa yi-10,000 kg (okt ubunzima bomthwalo ngokwawo).
- Ubunzima bokupakisha: Ubunzima bezinto zokupakisha ezisetyenziselwa le mpahla (umzekelo, iibhokisi zekhadibhodi) yi-500 kg, kwaye iibhokisi ze-50 zizonke zisetyenzisiwe. Ubunzima obupheleleyo bephakheji yi-500 kg × 50 = 25,000 kg.
- Ubunzima besikhongozeli seTare: Ubunzima besikhongozeli esingenanto esizinyawo ezingama-20 bumalunga ne-2,300 kg.
Ngokwefomula yobunzima obugqithisileyo:
Ubunzima obupheleleyo = 10,000 kg (ubunzima bomthwalo womnatha) + 25,000 kg (ubunzima bokupakisha) + 2,300 kg (isikhongozeli sobunzima betare)
Ubunzima obupheleleyo = 37,300 kg
Ngoko ke, ubunzima obupheleleyo bokuthunyelwa yi-37,300 kg.
Imibuzo neempendulo ezinxulumeneyo.
Yintoni ubunzima obunzima kunye nobunzima obomileyo?
Ubunzima obushiyekileyo bubhekisa kubunzima bentengiso ngokwayo, ngaphandle kobunzima bayo nakuphi na ukupakishwa, izikhongozeli, imathiriyeli yokupakisha okanye ezinye izinto ezongeziweyo. Ngamanye amazwi, ubunzima bomnatha “bubunzima obusulungekileyo” bento – ngaphandle kokupakishwa kwangaphandle nokubala kuphela imixholo eyiyo yento leyo.
Ifomula yokubala: Ubunzima bomnatha = Ubunzima bubonke bento – Ubunzima bokupakisha
Ubunzima obomileyo buhlala busetyenziselwa ukuchaza izinto ezinokuqulatha amanzi okanye ulwelo, apho ubunzima bamanzi okanye ulwelo bungabandakanywa. Ubunzima obomileyo "bubunzima obucocekileyo" bokufuma okungabandakanywayo okanye ulwelo. Eli gama lihlala lisetyenziselwa ukuchaza iimpahla ezifana neemveliso zezolimo, iikhemikhali, okanye ezinye iimpahla ezinokuqulatha ukufuma.
Ifomula yokubala: Ubunzima obomileyo = Ubunzima bubonke bento – Ubunzima bokufuma
Ziziphi ii-ounces zobunzima?
I-net weight in ounces yenye yeeyunithi ezisetyenziselwa ukulinganisa ubunzima bento, edla ngokusetyenziswa eUnited States nakwamanye amazwe asebenzisa iiyunithi zobukhosi. Ibhekisa kubunzima bento ngokwayo, ngaphandle kokupakishwa, izikhongozeli, okanye ezinye izongezo.
Ifomula:
Ubunzima beNet kwii-ounces = Ubunzima obupheleleyo – Ukupakisha ubunzima
What's the difference between a full weight and a tare weight?
Ubunzima be-trim bubunzima besithuthi okanye ukuhanjiswa, kubandakanywa zonke iimpawu eziqhelekileyo, kodwa kungabandakanyi imithwalo eyongezelelweyo okanye abakhweli.
Ubunzima beTare bubunzima bempahla yokupakisha okanye isikhongozeli, ngaphandle kweempahla ngokwazo.
Ukuququmbela
Siyathemba ukuba eli nqaku malunga nobunzima, ubunzima kunye ne-tare liyakunceda. Ukuba unemibuzo okanye udidekile nantoni na kweli nqaku, nceda undixelele ngokushiya uluvo olungezantsi.
IGoodcan yinkampani yokuthenga iarhente eYiwu, ukuba ufuna eyona nkonzo ilungileyo kwaye unikezela ngelona xabiso likhuphisanayo, nceda Qhagamshelana nathi!
