Ukungenisa iimveliso ezivela eChina ukuya eUnited States kuye kwaba sisiseko seshishini laseMelika. Ngokutsho data zorhwebo yakutshanje evela iKhomishini yoRhwebo yaMazwe ngaMazwe yaseU.S. (USITC), I-China ihlala ingumthombo omkhulu wokungeniswa kwe-US, ingenisa ngaphezu kwe-500 yeebhiliyoni zeedola kwiimpahla ngonyaka.
Ukusuka kwizinto zombane ukuya kwiimpahla ezilukiweyo, amashishini amaninzi axhomekeke kweli jelo lokurhweba ukuze agcine uluhlu lwempahla yawo kwaye ahlale ekhuphisana. Ukuqonda inkqubo yokungenisa akuncedi kuphela ukunciphisa iindleko kodwa kuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemimiselo yase-US, iyenza ibaluleke kakhulu kumashishini abo bonke ubukhulu.
Umtsalane wokungeniswa kwemveliso evela e-China ulele kumandla ayo okuvelisa, amaxabiso akhuphisanayo, kunye nemveliso eyahlukeneyo ebonelela ngayo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuhamba ngobunzima beerhafu, ukuhanjiswa kwempahla, kunye nolawulo lomgangatho kunokuba ngumngeni.
Esi sikhokelo siya kubonelela ngenyathelo ngenyathelo lokuqonda ekufumaneni, ukukhutshwa kwezithethe, kunye nokukhetha ababoneleli abathembekileyo ukukunceda ulungelelanise uhambo lwakho lokungenisa elizweni kunye nokwandisa inzuzo.
- 1. Ngaba ndifuna ilayisenisi yokungenisa iimpahla ezivela eTshayina ukuya e-US?
- 2. Baphi abanikezeli abathembekileyo baseTshayina?
- 3. Iingxaki eziya kudibana nemveliso kunye nokupakisha ngokwezifiso?
- 4. Ngaba ndifuna ukuba iimveliso zam zihlolwe umgangatho?
- 5. Ziziphi iindlela zothutho zokuthutha iimpahla eziya e-U.S.?
- 6. Ngaba ufuna uncedo kumthumeli wempahla?
- 7.Yintoni ekufuneka uyazi malunga nemigaqo yorhwebo yezothutho?
- 8. Yintoni endiyidingayo ukuze ndilungiselele ukukhutshwa kwempahla?
- 9.Ziziphi iirhafu ekufuneka ndizihlawule?
- 10.Ingakwazi uGood can ukwenza ukungenisa kwakho ngaphandle kube lula?
- 11.Imibuzo eshiyekileyo
1. Ngaba ndifuna ilayisenisi yokungenisa iimpahla ezivela eTshayina ukuya e-US?
Ngokubanzi, uninzi lwezinto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle eMelika azifuni layisensi ithile. I-U.S. Customs kunye Ukhuseleko lwemida (CBP) ivumela abantu kunye namashishini ukuba bangenise iimpahla ngaphandle kokufumana ilayisenisi yokungenisa elizweni jikelele.
Nangona kunjalo, iimveliso ezithile, ezinje ngotywala, imipu, okanye amayeza, zinokufuna iimvume okanye iimvume ezivela kwii-arhente zomdibaniso ezifanelekileyo njenge-FDA, i-ATF, okanye i-USDA.
Ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa, abarhwebi bamazwe angaphandle kufuneka baqale bamisele ulwahlulo lwemveliso besebenzisa iShedyuli yeRhafu eHarmonized (HTS). Oku kunceda ekuchongeni izithintelo ezinokubakho okanye imisebenzi enxulumene nempahla.
Ukuthunyelwa kwezinto ezinzima, qiniseka ukuba onke amaxwebhu (afana nee-invoyisi zorhwebo kunye noluhlu lokupakisha), njl., ziyafumaneka, kwaye udibane nomthengisi wakho wamasiko onokukunceda ukuba ulungelelanise inkqubo.
2. Baphi abanikezeli abathembekileyo baseTshayina?
Ukufumana ababoneleli abathembekileyo baseTshayina kuqala ngokuxhasa amaqonga asekiweyo afana Alibaba, Imithombo yeHlabathi, kwaye Yenziwe etshayina.Eli linqaku malunga 《Ubuphepha njani ubuqhophololo? Ultimate Alibaba Shopping Guide ukusuka kwabaqalayo ukuya kwiNgcali》
La maqonga anikezela ngeempawu zokuqinisekisa umthengisi, ezinje ngengqinisekiso yorhwebo kunye nokutshekishwa kwendawo, ukunceda abathengi ukuba bavavanye ukuba semthethweni kunye nokuthembeka. Beka phambili ababoneleli ngeereyithingi eziphezulu, intengiselwano engaguqukiyo
Ukongeza kumaqonga e-intanethi, ukuya kwimiboniso yorhwebo efana ne Canton Fair okanye iHong Kong Electronics Fair ibonelela ngokufikelela ngokuthe ngqo kubaboneleli kunye neminikelo yabo yemveliso.
Ukufumana amashishini amaninzi, ukutyelela ii-hubs zengingqi, ezifana Yiwu kwizinto ezincinci okanye i-Shenzhen ye-elektroniki, inokutyhila ababoneleli abakhethekileyo nabathembekileyo. Soloko uqhuba inkuthalo ngokucela iisampulu zemveliso kunye nokujonga iireferensi ukuqinisekisa umgangatho kunye nokuthembeka.
3. Iingxaki eziya kudibana nemveliso kunye nokupakisha ngokwezifiso?
Inkqubo yokwenza iimveliso ngokwezifiso kunye nokupakishwa iza nemingeni emininzi, ngaphandle kweenzuzo ezizodwa ezinokuzisa kwi-brand.
Ingaba ukunxibelelana kakubi nababoneleli okanye ukungahambi kakuhle kweemeko zomyalelo, le miba inokuchaphazela umphumo wokugqibela, ukulibazisa ishedyuli yeprojekthi okanye ukunyuka kweendleko.
Oku kulandelayo kuya kuxoxa ngokukodwa imiba efanayo kunye nezicwangciso zokujongana nazo ngexesha lenkqubo yokwenza ngokwezifiso.
1.Ukunqongophala kwemizobo yoyilo okanye amaphepha enkcazo
Ngaphandle kokubonelela ngemizobo yoyilo olucacileyo okanye amaphepha acacisiweyo, iifektri zihlala zingakwazi ukuqonda ngokuchanekileyo iimfuno zakho. Oku kunokukhokelela kwisithuba phakathi kwemveliso egqityiweyo kunye nesiphumo esifunwayo, esifuna ukuhlaziywa ngokuphindaphindiweyo kunye nexesha elongezelelweyo kunye neendleko zotyalo-mali.
2.Oda amanani angaphantsi kwe-MOQ
Iifektri ezininzi zibeka iimfuno zobungakanani beodolo encinci (MOQ). Ukuba izixa zeodolo zincinci kakhulu, iifektri zinokuthandabuza ukuzamkela okanye ukucaphula amaxabiso aphezulu kakhulu, okuchaphazela uqoqosho lokwenza ngokwezifiso.
3.Iiodolo ezincinci, ezintsonkothileyo azihoywa
Iimfuno ezintsonkothileyo zokwenziwa ngokwezifiso, ngakumbi iiodolo ezincinci, zinokubonwa njengento ephambili ephantsi yimizi-mveliso. Kule meko, iifektri zinokulibazisa ishedyuli yemveliso okanye zingakhathaleli ngokwaneleyo kulawulo lomgangatho, okuchaphazela umgangatho wonikezelo lwakho lokugqibela.
4. Ngaba ndifuna ukuba iimveliso zam zihlolwe umgangatho?
Ewe, ukuhlolwa komgangatho wemveliso kubalulekile, ngakumbi xa ukhangela kubaboneleli baphesheya kweelwandle. Iqinisekisa ukuba iimveliso zakho ziyahlangabezana nolindelo lwakho kwaye zithobela ukhuseleko olufanelekileyo okanye imigangatho yoshishino. Ukungaphumeleli ukuhlola kunokubangela iimpahla ezineziphene, ukunganeliseki kwabathengi, kunye nelahleko yemali enokubakho.
Ukuhlolwa komgangatho kunokuqhutywa kwizigaba ezahlukeneyo, ezifana nokuveliswa kwangaphambili, ngexesha lokuvelisa, okanye ukuthunyelwa kwangaphambili. Ukubandakanyeka kwinkonzo yokuhlola yomntu wesithathu okanye ukuzijonga ngokwakho zizicwangciso ezisebenzayo. Ukuhlolwa rhoqo kwakha ukuthembana nababoneleli kwaye kunceda ukugcina umgangatho wemveliso ongaguqukiyo.
5. Ziziphi iindlela zothutho zokuthutha iimpahla eziya e-U.S.?
Xa kuthunyelwa iimpahla eU.S., iinketho zokuhamba ziyahluka ngokusekelwe kubunzima, umthamo, kunye nokungxamiseka kokuthunyelwa. Nalu ulwahlulo:
1.Iinkonzo zeCourier (zokuthunyelwa kancinci)
Ngeepakethe ezingaphantsi kwe-150 kg, bonisa iikhuriya ezifana DHL, FedEx, kwaye IUPS zifanelekile. Banikezela ngenkonzo yendlu ngendlu ngamaxesha okuhanjiswa ukusuka kwi-3-7 iintsuku zokusebenza. Olu khetho lulungele iisampulu, iimpahla ezingxamisekileyo, okanye izinto zexabiso eliphezulu, nangona iindleko zinokuba phezulu xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iindlela.
2.Uthutho lwasemoyeni (lothutho oluphakathi)
Ukuthunyelwa phakathi kwe-150-500 kg, imithwalo yomoya inikezela ngokukhawuleza ukuhanjiswa (ngokuqhelekileyo iintsuku ezi-5-10) ngeendleko eziphantsi kuneekhuriya. Ngelixa ifuna ulungelelwaniso oluthe kratya, olufana nokucocwa kwempahla yesiqhelo, ifanelekile kwimpahla ethatha ixesha.
3.Uthutho lwaseLwandle (lothutho olukhulu)
Kumthwalo ongaphezu kwe-500 kg okanye iiodolo ezininzi, ukuthutha elwandle lolona khetho lunoqoqosho. Umthwalo ogcweleyo weKhonkrithi (i-FCL) okanye i-Ngantsi-ku-i-Container Load (LCL) iinketho ezikhoyo. Ukuhanjiswa kuthatha iintsuku ezingama-20-40, kuxhomekeke kwizibuko lemvelaphi kunye nendawo oya kuyo.
Ukukhetha uthutho olufanelekileyo kuxhomekeke kubungakanani bothutho, uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali kunye nokungxamiseka. Ngalo lonke ixesha ucinge nge-inshurensi kunye nemirhumo yezithethe xa ubala iindleko zizonke.
6. Ngaba ufuna uncedo kumthumeli wempahla?
Abathumeli bempahla badlala indima ebalulekileyo ekwenzeni lula ukuthunyelwa kweenqanawa kumazwe ngamazwe, ingakumbi kumashishini amatsha ekuthengweni kumazwe angaphandle. Baphatha izinto ezintsonkothileyo, kubandakanywa nokukhutshwa kwezithethe, amaxwebhu, kunye nokulungelelanisa nabathwali.
Ukuhanjiswa okuncinci okanye ukuhanjiswa okuthe ngqo, ungalawula ngaphandle komnye. Nangona kunjalo, kwimiqulu emikhulu, ukuthuthwa kweendlela ezininzi, okanye ukuhamba ngemigaqo entsonkothileyo, ubuchule bomthumeli wempahla buqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweendleko. Ulwazi lwabo lunokunceda ukuphepha ukulibaziseka okunexabiso elikhulu, ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa, kunye nokubonelela ngezisombululo zokuthumela ngenqanawa.
Ukuba injongo yakho kukugxila kwimisebenzi yeshishini eliphambili ngelixa uqinisekisa ukuba iimpahla zifika ngexesha kwaye zikwimeko entle, ukubhalisa umthumeli wempahla kulutyalo-mali oluxabisekileyo.
7.Yintoni ekufuneka uyazi malunga nemigaqo yorhwebo yezothutho?
Ukuqonda imiqathango yorhwebo lwezothutho kubalulekile kuthutho lweenqanawa ezigudileyo kumazwe ngamazwe. Le migaqo ichaza uxanduva lwabathengi nabathengisi, kubandakanywa ngubani ophethe iindleko, umngcipheko, kunye nolungiselelo. Phakathi kwamagama aqhelekileyo orhwebo yi-FOB (esimahla kwiBhodi) kunye ne-CIF (Iindleko, i-Inshurensi, kunye noThutho).
Ngaphantsi kwe-FOB, umthengisi uhambisa iimpahla kwizibuko lokuthumela elivunyelweneyo, kwaye umthengi uthatha uxanduva lomthwalo kunye ne-inshurensi ukusuka apho ukuya phambili. Inika abathengi ulawulo ngakumbi kuthutho kunye nolawulo lweendleko. Ngokwahlukileyo, i-CIF ithetha ukuba umthengisi uhlawula iindleko zempahla, ukuthunyelwa, kunye ne-inshurensi kwizibuko lomthengi. Ngelixa oku kunciphisa umthwalo wokuqala womthengi, kunokubangela iindleko eziphezulu xa kuthelekiswa nokulawula izithuthi ngokuzimeleyo.
Ukukhetha phakathi kwe-FOB kunye ne-CIF kuxhomekeke kukhetho lwakho lolawulo kunye nokuqwalaselwa kweendleko. Unxibelelwano olucacileyo kunye nokuqonda le migaqo kubalulekile kwiintengiselwano eziyimpumelelo.
8. Yintoni endiyidingayo ukuze ndilungiselele ukukhutshwa kwempahla?
Ukulungiselela ukukhutshwa kwempahla kufuna ingqalelo ecokisekileyo kumaxwebhu kunye nokuthotyelwa. Izinto eziphambili ziquka:
- I-invoyisi yentengiso: Olu xwebhu luneenkcukacha zentengiselwano, kubandakanywa iinkcazo zemveliso, ubungakanani, kunye namaxabiso, esebenza njengereferensi ephambili yamagosa athumela impahla.
- Uluhlu lokupakisha: Inika isishwankathelo semixholo yokuthumela, kubandakanywa imilinganiselo, ubunzima, kunye neenkcukacha zokupakisha.
- IBhili yokuLawula okanye i-Airway Bill: Oku kusebenza njengobungqina bokuthunyelwa kwaye ichaza umthwali kunye neenkcukacha zothutho.
- Isibhengezo seCustoms: Ukubhengeza ngokuchanekileyo iimpahla ukuthobela imimiselo yelizwe elingenisayo. Sebenzisa iikhowudi ezichanekileyo zeHS ukunqanda ukulibaziseka okanye izohlwayo.
- iiLayisenisi kunye neeMvume zokungenisa elizweni ngaphandle (ukuba zikhona): Iimveliso ezithile zinokufuna iilayisensi ezithile zokucima amasiko ngokusemthethweni.
Ukungaphumeleli ukubonelela ngamaxwebhu achanekileyo kunye apheleleyo kunokubangela ukulibaziseka okanye iindleko ezongezelelweyo. Ukusebenzisana nabathumeli bempahla okanye abarhwebi bempahla bangenza lula inkqubo kwaye baqinisekise ukuthotyelwa kwemimiselo yendawo.
9.Ziziphi iirhafu ekufuneka ndizihlawule?
Xa ungenisa iimpahla, ukuqonda iimfuno zerhafu kubalulekile ukuphepha iindleko ezingalindelekanga. Iirhafu zokungenisa ngokuqhelekileyo ziquka imisebenzi yempahla, ebalwa ngokusekelwe kwikhowudi ye-HS (i-Harmonized System) yemveliso.
Le misebenzi iyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lweempahla, ixabiso lazo elibhengeziweyo, kunye nelizwe lemvelaphi. Umzekelo, izinto ze-elektroniki zinokuba nemisebenzi ephantsi xa kuthelekiswa nalaphu okanye ezinye iimpahla zabathengi. Ukuqinisekisa ukuhlelwa okuchanekileyo kweemveliso zakho kubalulekile ekumiseleni amaxabiso achanekileyo omsebenzi.
Ukongeza kwimirhumo yempahla evela kumazwe angaphandle, ukuthengwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe kunokufumana iirhafu ezongezelelweyo ezibekwe yimigaqo-nkqubo yorhwebo. Ngelixa ezinye iimveliso zixhamla kwiirhafu ezincitshisiweyo okanye ezicinyiweyo ngenxa yezivumelwano zorhwebo ezifana ne-USMCA, ezinye zinokujamelana neentlawulo ezongezelelweyo ezifana nemisebenzi yokulwa nokulahla ukukhusela amashishini asekuhlaleni.
Ngaphezu koko, izinto ezithile ezifana notywala okanye icuba zinokuba phantsi kwerhafu yerhafu, ukongeza kwiindleko zizonke. Ukuzulazula kobu bunzima, kuyacetyiswa ukuba usebenzise izixhobo zokubala okanye udibane nomthengisi wamasiko ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kunye nokuphepha ukulibaziseka.
10.Ingakwazi uGood can ukwenza ukungenisa kwakho ngaphandle kube lula?
Goodcan igxile ekwenzeni lula izinto ezintsonkothileyo zokungenisa elizweni, ukuqinisekisa inkqubo egudileyo nesebenzayo kumashishini abo bonke ubukhulu. Ngeminyaka yamava ekufuneni nasekulungiseleleni, banceda abathengi ukuba bajonge imiceli mngeni efana nokukhetha ababoneleli, ulawulo lomgangatho, kunye nokuthumela ngenqanawa. Ngokusebenza njengomnikezeli wenkonzo ye-stop-stop, uGoodcan ulungelelanisa yonke inkqubo yokungenisa, ukugcina ixesha kunye nokunciphisa umngcipheko weempazamo.
Enye inzuzo ephambili kukukwazi kwabo ukulawula inyathelo ngalinye lekhonkco lokubonelela, ukusuka ukufumana abavelisi abathembekileyo ukongamela imveliso kunye nokulungiselela ukuthunyelwa kwempahla. Ubuchwephesha babo bokuphatha ukupakishwa kwesiko kunye nokuguqulwa kwemveliso kubenza babe lolona khetho lubalaseleyo kumashishini afuna izisombululo ezilungiselelweyo. Ukongezelela, inethiwekhi yeGoodcan yamaqabane athembekileyo emithwalo iqinisekisa ukuba iimpahla zihanjiswa ngexesha kunye namazinga okukhuphisana, ukunciphisa ukulibaziseka kunye neendleko ezingalindelekanga.
Kubathengi abavela kumazwe angaphandle, ngakumbi abo batsha kurhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe, iGoodcan ibonelela ngesikhokelo kunye nenkxaso yezandla efunekayo ukoyisa imiqobo eqhelekileyo. Nokuba kukuhamba ngemigaqo yamasiko, ukujongana nobungakanani bomyalelo obuncinci, okanye ukuqinisekisa ukuba imigangatho yomgangatho iyafezekiswa, iqela labo lobuchwephesha lisebenza ngenkuthalo ukuhambisa iziphumo ezihlangabezana neemfuno zakho zoshishino.
11.Imibuzo eshiyekileyo
Ngaba kufuneka ndihlawule iirhafu ezivela eTshayina ukuya eMelika?
Ewe, izinto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle ezivela e-China ukuya e-United States zihlala ziphantsi kwerhafu yokungenisa elizweni. Le misebenzi ixhomekeke kuhlobo lwempahla, ixabiso lazo, kunye nexabiso lentlawulo yase-U.S. Amaxabiso anokufumaneka kwiCustoms’ IShedyuli yoMrhumo oLungelelanisiweyo (HTS).
Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba ukuba ixabiso leentengiso ezithunyelwa ngaphandle lingaphantsi kweedola ezingama-800, linokufaneleka umgaqo othi "de minimis" kwaye ukhululwe emsebenzini.
Kubiza malini ukungenisa elizweni esuka eTshayina?
Iindleko zokungeniswa kwamanye amazwe zigqitywa liqela lezinto, kubandakanywa ixabiso lemveliso, iindleko zokuthutha, iintlawulo zempahla kunye nezinye iindleko ezinokubakho, ezifana nokugcinwa kwempahla okanye iinkonzo zokukhutshwa kwempahla.
Kwimeko yothutho ngenqwelomoya, umzekelo, iinkonzo zekhuriya zihlala zikhethwa kwiimpahla ezincinci (ngaphantsi kweekhilogram ezingama-45), ezinokuxabisa phakathi kwe-US$5 kunye ne-US$10 ngekhilogram kwaye kuthathe phakathi kweentsuku ezintlanu ukuya kwezisixhenxe ukuzisa.
Uthutho lwaselwandle, kwelinye icala, lufaneleka ngakumbi kwiinqanawa ezinkulu, ezinokuxabisa phakathi kwe-US$100 kunye ne-US$200 cubic meter nganye, kodwa kuthatha iintsuku ezingama-30 ukuya kwezingama-45. Ukongeza, imisebenzi yempahla kunye neerhafu ezongeziweyo kufuneka ziqingqelwe kwangaphambili.
Ndingangenisa ntoni eTshayina ndiyise eMelika?
Phantse zonke iimpahla ezingathintelwanga zingangeniswa zisuka e-China zisiya e-U.S. Izinto eziqhelekileyo zokungenisa elizweni zibandakanya izinto zombane, iimpahla, iimpahla zendlu, oomatshini kunye nezixhobo.
Nangona kunjalo, iimpahla ezithile ezinjengokutya, amachiza, kunye neekhemikhali zifuna iilayisensi ezikhethekileyo kwaye ziphantsi kwemigaqo ye-U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) okanye ezinye ii-arhente.
Ngaphambi kokungenisa, kucetyiswa ukuba uhlolisise iimfuno zokungenisa i-U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwayo yonke imimiselo.
