Kwilizwe elinamandla lorhwebo lwamanye amazwe, ukufunyanwa kwe-china kuye kwaba luhlobo lobuchule kumashishini amaninzi kwihlabathi liphela. Imo yemveliso yemfazwe e-China ibonelela uluhlu lweemveliso ezininzi kumaxabiso okhuphiswano.
Nangona kunjalo, isitshixo sokuthengwa ngokuphumelelayo kuxhomekeke phezulu – umgangatho ababoneleli. Kwezi bhlogs, siya kuphonononga izikhombisi ezintlanu ezibalulekileyo eziya kukukhokela, abafundi abathandekayo, ekukhetheni ukhetho olufanelekileyo.
I-Instarportse yokuqinisekiswa:
Isalathiso sokuqala nezokuqala – umgangatho Umthengisi yinkqubo esebenzayo yolawulo lomgangatho.
Iqula – Inkqubo esekwe ekuhlaleni, njenge-ISO 9001, ifana nomgangatho wegolide kwishishini. Asiyonto nje yephepha; Imele ukuzibophelela komthengisi ngokungagungqiyo kumgangatho.
Esi siqinisekiso siqinisekisa ukuba onke amanyathelo kwinkqubo yemveliso, ukusuka ekukhetheni ngononophelo kwezinto ezingafunekiyo kwimveliso yokugqibela yemveliso, ehambelana nemigangatho engqongqo yehlabathi.
Umzekelo, kwintengiso ye-Smartphory ekhuphisanayo kakhulu, umthengisi onesiqinisekiso se-ISO 9001 uya kuba lula ukusebenzisa phezulu – Izabakala, landela iinkqubo zokwenza imveliso, kwaye wenze iitsheki ezisemgangathweni kwinqanaba ngalinye.
Oku kukhokelela kwiimveliso ezingapheliyo kuphela kodwa kukhuselekile ukuphela – Abasebenzisi.
2.Real – UMZEKELISO WOBOMIZO:
Thatha umboneleli A, uMvelisi we-Elektroniki oKhokelayo kwiShenzhen, njengomzekelo. Babambe i-ISO 9001: 2015 isiqinisekiso. I-AP – Ukufundisisa okunzulu kwama-50 abathengisi be-elektroniki kumbongo batyhila ukuba umthengisi unexabiso le-0.5% kuphela kwiimveliso zabo ezithunyelwa ngaphandle.
Ngokwahlukileyo, hayi – Iso – Abathengisi abaqinisekisiweyo banomyinge onesiphene se-2%. Olu phawu lubonakala luncinci kwixabiso lesiphene linokuba nefuthe elikhulu kwishishini.
Kwinkampani engenisa amawaka eemveliso ze-elektroniki, ireyithi esezantsi yexabiso lithetha iimveliso ezimbalwa ukubuya, ixesha elincinci elichithwe ekugcineni, kwaye ekugqibeleni, abathengi abanelisekileyo.
Ikwandikhuthaza kakhulu ukuduma kweemveliso kwintengiso yamanye amazwe. Khawufane ucinge ivenkile ye-Elektroniki yabathengi ebezityile iimveliso ezivela kuMthengisi A.
Abathengi babo bachukunyiswe ngokufanelekileyo ngumgangatho, kunye negama – ye – Umlomo usasazeka, utsala abathengi abaninzi kwivenkile. Lo mjikelo wakho unceda zombini umngenisi-mpahla kunye nesiphelo – umthengisi.
3.Ukungabekwa kweNkqubo:
Inkqubo yolawulo esemgangathweni yinkqubo ebanzi equka okungaphezulu kokuqinisekiswa nje. Uphicotho lwangaphakathi oluqhelekileyo lufana netshekhi yezempilo eqhelekileyo – inyuka inkampani.
Banceda ekuchongeni nayiphi na imiba enokubakho kwinkqubo yemveliso, njengokungasebenzi kakuhle kumgca wendibano okanye ekuphatheni okungafanelekanga kwezinto ezingalunganga. Uqeqesho lwabasebenzi kulawulo lomgangatho ibalulekile.
Xa abasebenzi baphilile – Ukuqeqeshwa, kunokwenzeka ukuba baqaphele kwaye balungise imiba emincinci ngaphambi kokuba baguqukele kwiingxaki ezinkulu.
Umzekelo, umsebenzi oqeqeshiweyo kumzi-mveliso wengubo uya kuba nakho ukubona isiphene esincinci sokunyusa kwangoko kwaye siyilungise, kunokuba sivumele ukuba idlule kwinqanaba elilandelayo lemveliso.
Amanyathelo okuphucula okuqhubekayo, anjengemveliso emithandathu i-sigma okanye imveliso ye-Lean, ihlala inxalenye yenkqubo yolawulo esemgangathweni. La manyathelo akhuthaze iinkampani ukuba zifune iindlela zokuphucula iinkqubo zazo, zinciphise inkunkuma, kunye nokomeleza umgangatho wemveliso.
Xa kuvavanywa umthengisi, kubalulekile ukuba ubuze i-thematile yabo esemgangathweni, icacisa icebo labo lomgangatho. Iingxelo zokuhlola zinokukubonisa iziphumo zeetsheki ezisemgangathweni, kunye neenkcukacha zazo zenkqubo yazo yokulungisa nezothintelo ziya kukunika umbono wendlela abasabela ngayo kunye nokuthintela imiba esemgangathweni.
I-1. Ukunyanga i-Guqukation
Kwinkululeko yanamhlanje – Ukunqanyulwa kwehlabathi, iimfuno zeemveliso zinokuba ziguquguquka kakhulu. Inyanga enye, kunokubakho isidingo esiphezulu sesitayile esithile sokunxiba, kunye nenyanga ezayo, imeko inokutshintsha ngokupheleleyo.
Unokuthenjwa umthengisi kufuneka ukwazi ukuqhubeka nokuguquguquka. Umthamo wemveliso yimeko ebalulekileyo apha. Umthengisi onamaziko aneleyo mveliso, ilizwe – ye – i – Izixhobo ze-ART, kunye ne-ofisi yezakhono zilungile kwindawo entle – Ii-odolo zekati ngaphakathi – kwaoko.
Umzekelo, ngexesha leholide, imfuno yeethoyi zethoyi kunye neSkyrokoni yomthengi. Umvelisi we-toy onomgangatho omkhulu wemveliso, izixhobo eziphambili zemveliso, kunye neqela labasebenzi abanamava banokuyifaka kwimveliso ukuze bafezekise iimfuno ezahlukeneyo.
Banokuqhuba iishifti ezininzi, sebenzisa oomatshini abazenzekelayo ukunyusa iziphumo, kwaye babe nobungcali bokusombulula nayiphi na imingeni yemveliso enokuvela.
2.Cand yento engonelanga:
Masiqwalasele imeko yophawu lokunxiba oluvula iimveliso zalo ezivela eTshayina. Umboneleli B, ophakathi – Umenzi wokunxiba we-Scape, waba nomthamo wokuvelisa obungama-50 000 ngenyanga. Ngenye imini, uphawu lwengubo lufumene iodolo enkulu ngequbuliso evela kumthengisi omkhulu kangangee-100,000 zesitayile esitsha.
Umthengisi B wagula – ixhotywe ukusingatha le nto ngequbuliso. Ngenxa yezixhobo ezilinganiselweyo, abakwazanga ukongeza imigca yemveliso ngakumbi ngokukhawuleza. Umkhosi wabasebenzi wawunqabile, kwaye kwakungekho ndlela ilula yokuqesha nokuqeqesha abasebenzi abatsha ngexesha.
Ngenxa yoko, iodolo yalibaziseka ngeeveki ezininzi. Uhlobo lwengubo aluphumi nje ngamathuba entengiso exabisekileyo ngexesha lexesha lefashoni kodwa wonakalisa ulwalamano lwayo nomthengisi omkhulu.
Umthengisi unokungabinakho ukubeka ii-odolo kunye nophawu kwixa elizayo, uloyiko lokulibaziseka.
3.Ngokomelela kokuguquguquka:
Kwelinye icala, umthengisi c, umvelisi omkhulu kwaye oguqukayo, ume ngokwahlukileyo. Banokwazi ukulungelelanisa imigca yemveliso ngokukhawuleza.
Kumzi-mveliso wefashoni, iindlela zokuziphatha utshintsha phantse ubusuku bonke. Umthengisi C unokutshintsha ukusuka ekuveliseni isitayile esinye sempahla kwenye iveki. Zityale imali kwiinkqubo zokutshintsha kwemveliso ezibavumela ukuba ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde ziqwalasele imigca yazo yemveliso.
Isikhundla sabo semveliso sinokutshiswa okanye siye ezantsi nge-30% kwisithuba senyanga. Oku kuthetha ukuba ukuba uphawu lufumana ngequbuliso ngequbuliso kwimfuno yemveliso ethile, umthengisi C unokuyinciphisa imveliso ngokufanelekileyo, ukugcina zombini iindleko zokuveliswa kwexabiso.
Kwimarike apho imeko itshintsha ngokukhawuleza, olu hlobo lokuguquguquka ayisiyo inzuzo nje; Yimfuneko. Xa kuvavanywa isikhundla somthengisi, sukujonga nje iinombolo zabo zangoku.
Kwakhona cinga ngobuchule babo bokwandisa okanye ukuvelisa imvumelwano njengoko kufuneka. Babuze malunga nezicwangciso zabo zokuxakeka ekuphatheni ngequbuliso utshintsho ngequbuliso kwimfuno, kwaye banokuzisebenzisa ngokukhawuleza kangakanani ezo zicwangciso.
1.Ukuphazamiseka kokuphazamiseka kwemveliso:
Umxhasi ozinzileyo wezemali ufana nenqanawa eqinileyo kwiilwandle ezinesaqhwithi zeshishini. Bangaphantsi xa bejamelana nokuphazamiseka kwimveliso ngenxa yeengxaki zokuhamba kwemali, izoyikiso zokungasebenzi, okanye ukungakwazi ukutyala imali kubuchwepheshe obutsha kunye nezixhobo.
Ukuhamba kwemali yi-wounblood yelinye ishishini. Ukuba umthengisi akanayo imali eyaneleyo, basenokungakwazi ukuhlawula abathengisi babo kwizinto eziluhlaza ngexesha. Oku kunokukhokelela kwifuthe le-Domino, kubangela ukulibaziseka kwemveliso, kwaye ekugqibeleni, ukophula umthetho.
Umzekelo, kumzi-mveliso wemoto, umenzi wemoto uxhomekeke kwinethiwekhi ebanzi yabathengisi. Ukuba ngomnye wabathengisi abaphambili, thetha umthengisi wetayara, unengxaki yokuthenga irabha eyimfuneko kunye nezinye izinto ezingafunekiyo, umenzi weemoto kusenokufuneka abeke imveliso, ephethe izigidi zeedola kwiRhafu yeNgeniso elahlekileyo.
2.Xolisa ukungazinzi kwemali:
Thatha umboneleli D, umenzi weemveliso zeplastiki, umzekelo. Babekwishishini elingaphezulu kweminyaka engama-20, kodwa kwiminyaka yakutshanje, benza izigqibo zeshishini ezimbi.
Baphelile – Ukwandiswa, ukuthatha isixa esikhulu setyala ukwakha iifektri ezintsha kwaye uthenge izixhobo ezitsha ngaphandle kohlalutyo lwentengiso olufanelekileyo.
Xa umthengisi ophambili ongaphantsi komhlaba ukwanda kwamaxabiso, umthengisi D sele enemeko yemali engathethekiyo. Abakwazanga ukuhlawula izinto ezingafunekiyo ngexesha elifanelekileyo.
Ngenxa yoko, imveliso yamiswa kangangeeveki ezininzi. Abathengi babo, ababethembele kubo ngenxa yezinto zeplastiki, kwafuneka bakreqa ukufumana abanye abathengisi.
Oku akubangeli kuphela ilahleko kwangoko yomthengisi d ngokwee-odolo ezilahlekileyo kodwa ikwayonakalise kakhulu ixesha elide – igama legama kumzi mveliso.
3.Exelelwe kwimpilo yemali:
Ngokwahlukileyo, umthengisi e, equleni – Inkampani elawulwayo, yayinephepha elisempilweni enetyala elinamatyala – ukuya – Umyinge we-0.5. Oku kubonisa ukuba balunge ngakumbi phakathi kwetyala kunye nokulingana kwemali.
Babenovimba obaneleyo bemali, ababavumela ukuba baphinde bahlukane – Ukuguquguquka kwemarike yekota. Xa bekukho ukwanda okwethutyana kwixabiso lezinto ezingafunekiyo, bakwazile ukuzihlawulela ngaphandle kwemicimbi.
Ngapha koko, bakwazile nokutyala imali kwinaliti entsha – Oomatshini bokubumba ukuphucula ukusebenza kwemveliso. Aba matshini batsha bancitshiswa ixesha nenkunkuma, ebavumela ukuba banike amaxabiso angcono kubathengi babo.
Ngokukhangela ububanzi bezemali yomthengisi, enjengomyinge wangoku (obonisa amandla enkampani ukuhlawula mfutshane – Amatyala ethu amaxabiso), umyinge oqaqambileyo (umlinganiso omkhulu ofanelekileyo – I-Gataity yexeshana
Unokujonga neengxelo zabo zetyala kwiiarhente ezinokuthenjwa ukuze zibone ukuqina kwabo kunye nayiphi na iflegi ezibomvu.
1. Ukuvavanya igama:
Udumo lomthengisi kwishishini lunjengomfanekiso woluntu lwabo. Kubonakaliswa kwentsebenzo yabo yangaphambili kunye nokuziphatha kweshishini.
Kwiminyaka yanamhlanje yedijithali, kulula kunangaphambili ukufumana ingqondo yokuqala yodumo lomthengisi. Ungaqala ngokukhangela uphononongo lwe-Intanethi kumaqonga eshishini enje nge-AliBaba, imithombo yehlabathi, okanye ishishini – Iiforamu ezithile.
Imidiya yoluntu inokuba ngumthombo oxabisekileyo wolwazi. Nangona kunjalo, ezi uphononongo lwe-Intanethi kufuneka zithathwe ngengqolowa yetyiwa. Ukuphononongwa kwezinye izinto kunokuba yinyani okanye icace gca. Eyona ndlela ithembekileyo yokuvavanya igama lomthengisi kukubuza iireferensi kubathengi abakhoyo.
Abathengi abakhoyo banokubonelela kuqala – Ulwazi ngesandla malunga nemveliso yomthengisi umgangatho, amaxesha okuhambisa, unxibelelwano, nasemva koko – Inkonzo yokuthengisa.
2.Umzekelo wokudumisa uMzekelo:
Umthengisi F, umngenisi wefenitshala, wayedume uphawu oluxubeneyo. Uphononongo lwe-Intanethi lupeyinta umfanekiso othile odidayo. Abanye abathengi bancoma umgangatho wabo wemveliso, besithi ifenitshala yayifanelekile – yenziwe kwaye iqine.
Nangona kunjalo, abanye bakhalaza malunga nokulibaziseka ukuhanjiswa. Xa umthengi onokubakho wacela izingqinisiso, baqonda ngakumbi. Ezinye ixesha elide – Abathengi bexeshana banelisekile ngumgangatho wefanitshala.
Babe-oda ku-odongwe ovela kumxhasi F iminyaka kwaye engazange nawo nayiphi na imiba ephambili kunye neemveliso. Kodwa bekukho nabathengi abathile ababenazo iingxaki ngonxibelelwano.
Babenobunzima bokunxibelelana nomthengisi xa babenemibuzo okanye iinkxalabo. Emva – Inkonzo yokuthengisa yayiyindawo yembambano yabathengi abathile. Xa babenengxaki yesiqwengana sefenitshala, kuthathe ixesha elide ukuba umthengisi aphendule kwaye asombulule umba.
3.Umongameli wegama elidumileyo:
Ngokuchasene noko, umthengisi g, iqula – Umthengisi othambileyo othathwe ngumatshini, wayedume kakhulu. Babenoluhlu olude lwabaxumi banelisekileyo. Omnye wabaxumi babo, enkulu – Umzi-mveliso wesikali eYurophu, wayesebenza nabo kangangeminyaka eli-10. Lo mxhasi ukhathazekile kwi-G's ephezulu – Iimveliso ezisemgangathweni.
Oomatshini abafundi babonelela bathembekile kwaye bafuna ulondolozo oluncinci. Umthengisi we-G wayenodumo – Ukuhanjiswa kwexesha. Bahlala bekwazi ukuhlangabezana ne- – kwiishedyuli zokuhambisa, nangona ujongene nemiceli mngeni engalindelekanga efana nokuphazamiseka kwezothutho.
Emva kwabo – Inkxaso yentengiso yayiphezulu – I-Notch. Nanini na xa umzi-mveliso waseYurophu wayenomcimbi onomatshini, iqela labathengisi beqela lezobugcisa liya kusabela ngokukhawuleza kwaye lubonelele ngezisombululo ezifanelekileyo.
Ngokuthetha ngeereferensi ezininzi, unokufumana ukuqonda okubanzi kwamandla omthengisi kunye nobuthathaka. Sukuxhomekeka kwizalathiso ezimbini okanye ezimbini. Zama ukuthetha noluhlu lwabantu abathengi, kuquka nabo babesebenza nomxhasi wexesha elifutshane kunye nabo bade – ubudlelwane bexesha.
1.Beyond ixabiso nje:
Ngelixa iindleko yinto ebalulekileyo kwisigqibo sokuthenga, akufuneki sibe kuphela kwesigqibo. Phezulu – Umthengisi osemgangathweni ubonelela ngendleko – Ukusebenza, okuthetha ukubonelela ngexabiso elifanelekileyo lemali.
Le nto ihamba ngaphaya kwexabiso lemveliso. Ibandakanya izinto ezinje ngeendleko zokuhambisa, emva – Iindleko zenkonzo yokuthengisa, kunye neendleko zemicimbi esemgangathweni.
Umzekelo, kwicandelo lezinto zabathengi, umthengisi unokubonelela nge-op ephantsi kakhulu – Imveliso enamaxabiso. Kodwa ukuba iindleko zokuhambisa ziphezulu kuba zikwiindlela ezibi kakhulu kwaye zisebenzisa iindlela zokuhambisa ezibizayo, iindleko ezikhulu kumthengi zinokuba ngaphezulu kunokuba bekulindelwe.
Ukongeza, ukuba imveliso inereyithi yesiphene esiphezulu, iindleko zokubuyiswa kunye nokutshintshwa, kunye nefuthe elibi kulwaneliseko lwabathengi, linokugqobhoza ngokukhawuleza kulondolozo lweendleko zokuqala.
2.Ukuxabisa ixabiso kodwa umzekelo ophezulu:
Thatha umbongo-H, othe wanika ixabiso eliphantsi lohlobo oluthile lwezinto zabathengi phakathi kwabaxhasi abaliqela. Ekuqaleni, kwakubonakala ngathi yinto enkulu.
Nangona kunjalo, iimveliso zabo zazinezisonzi esiphezulu se-10%. Oku kwakuthetha ukuba zonke iimveliso ezili-100 ezithengiweyo, i-10 iya kuba nesiphene.
Iindleko zokubuyisa ezi mveliso zineziphene, kunye neendleko zokubuyisela endaweni yazo, zazibalulekile. Ngapha koko, ifuthe elibi kulwaneliseko lwabathengi lalixabisa kakhulu.
Abathengi abafumene iimveliso ezinesiphene bebenokuthi banciphise ukuphinda baphinde benze izinto kwaye babenokushiya uphononongo olubi. Olu phononongo lubi lunokuthintela abanye abathengi abanokubakho ekuthengeni imveliso.
Ekugqibeleni, iindleko zokujongana nemicimbi esemgangathweni iphazamise imali yokutya yexabiso – iimveliso ezinamaxabiso.
Ixabiso le-3.igrey kodwa kulunge kakhulu umzekelo:
Umboneleli i, kwelinye icala, ihlawuliswe ixabiso elincinci kancinane kodwa lalinemilinganiselo yesiphene esingaphantsi kwe-1%. Iimveliso zabo bezikumgangatho ophezulu.
Ukongeza, ngokufanelekileyo emva – Inkonzo yokuthengisa yayiyinxalenye enkulu. Ukuba umthengi wayenomcimbi onemveliso, umthengisi bendiya kuyizisa ngokukhawuleza nangokufanelekileyo. Oku kunciphisa iindleko zobunini bomthengi.
Umzekelo, inkampani ethengisa izixhobo ze-elektroniki ezivela kumthengisi akufuneki ndikhathazeke ngokutshintshwa rhoqo kwemveliso okanye ukujongana nabathengi abanomsindo.
Ixabiso eliphezulu lezinto eziphakamileyo liphelile ixesha elide – ukonga kwegama ngokuhambelana emva kokuncitshiswa emva – Iindleko zokuthengisa kunye nokunyusa ukuthembeka kwabathengi.
I-4.Cost The The The The The The The The The The The The The The The The The The The The The The TIP:
Xa uthelekisa iindleko, kubalulekile ukwenza imodeli yeendleko epheleleyo ethatha iakhawunti yonke indleko kuwo wonke umjikelo wobomi bemveliso. Qala ngokudwelisa zonke iindleko ngqo, ezinjengexabiso lemveliso kunye neendleko zokuhambisa.
Ke, cinga ngeendleko ezingathanga ngqo, njengokuba kunokwenzeka umgangatho – Iindleko ezinxulumene noko, emva – Iindleko zenkonzo yokuthengisa, kunye nazo naziphi na iindleko ezinxulumene nokulibaziseka kwemveliso. Unokufikelela nexabiso kwindleko zemali, ngakumbi ukuba kufuneka uhlawule iimveliso kwangaphambili.
Ngokwenza imodeli yeendleko ezineenkcukacha, unokuthelekisa ngokuchanekileyo abathengisi abo kwaye uchonge iindleko zenene – Impumelelo. Sukutyiwa yisezantsi – Ixabiso lokunikezelwa ngaphandle kokuqwalaselwa komfanekiso omkhulu.
Ukuqukumbela
Ukuqukumbela, khetha phezulu – umgangatho ababoneleli e-China yi-Multi – inkqubo ejongene nayo. Ngokuzihlola ngononophelo ezi zikhombisi zintlanu ziphambili – Inkqubo yoLawulo loMgangatho, amandla emveliso kunye nokuguquguquka, uzinzo lwezezimali, udumo kunye nezalathiso, kunye nexabiso – Ukusebenza, unokwakha imixokelelwano eyomeleleyo nenokuthenjwa.
Sinethemba eliqinisekileyo lokuba olu lwazi luya kuba luxabiseke kakhulu kwishishini lakho leshishini. Ukuba ufuna uncedo lokufumana imali ukusuka e-China okanye ufuna ulwazi olungaphezulu kuvavanyo lwababoneleli, nceda ukhululeke ukufikelela kuthi.
Sisoloko silapha ukukuxhasa ekufezekiseni iinjongo zakho zeshishini kunye nokuseka ixesha elide – Ikota, ubambiswano oluyingenelo.
