Njengesixhobo esibalulekileyo sokuhlawula, iBhili yotshintshiselwano ayikukwenza lula inkqubo yokuhlawula kodwa ikwandise ukhuseleko kunye nokuthembeka kwentengiselwano.
Okulandelayo, ndiza kukuthatha kwi – Ukuhlolwa okunzulu kwengcaciso, umxholo ophambili, iintlobo eziqhelekileyo, iimpawu eziphambili zeBhili yoTshinonongo, kunye nemicimbi efuna ingqalelo ngexesha lokusetyenziswa kwayo.
Ngokuyintloko, iBhili yotshintshiselwano sisixhobo sokuhlawula esinokuthi sibe endaweni yemali kwaye sisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwibala lemimandla yasekhaya nezamazwe aphesheya kunye nelizwe. Kwimeko yezorhwebo yamanye amazwe, umzekelo, ishishini lokuthumela laseTshayina lokuthumela lithengisa iimpahla kumngenisi ngelinye ilizwe laseMelika.
Ishishini laseTshayina lokuthumela, njengedrowa, imiba iBhili yotshintshiselwano enyulwe nguMngenisi weThutyana (i-Deee) ukuba ihlawule i-Child Enterprise (i-DeeeE) ukuhlawula indawo yokuhlala enqamlezileyo – Intengiselwano yomda kwaye kuthintele iingxaki ezininzi kunye nengozi yentengiselwano ethe ngqo emnqamlezweni – Ukujikeleza komda.
- Amagama "Ityala lotshintshiselwano": Amagama "umthetho oyilwayo wotshintshiselwano" kufuneka uphawulelwe ngokucacileyo kwisixhobo. Esi sisichasi esibalulekileyo esahlula kwezinye iintlobo zezixhobo, sibonisa ubume bayo obukhethekileyo kwaye sibenze onke amaqela afanelekileyo ukuba achaze ngokucacileyo uhlobo lwesixhobo.
- I-odolo engenamiqathango yokuhlawula: Idreyini inika imiyalelo engenamiqathango kwi-drawee ukuhlawula imali ethile. Oku kuthetha ukuba i-Delee kufuneka ifezekise isibophelelo sokuhlawula phantsi kweemeko ezichazwe kwiBhili, ngaphandle kweemeko ezongezelelweyo okanye izithintelo, uqinisekisa ukuba ilungelo le-payde lokufumana intlawulo.
- Ixabiso elimiselweyo: Isixa sentlawulo kufuneka sichazwe ngokucacileyo kwisixhobo, kwaye inani ngamagama kunye namanani kufuneka lihambelane. Le yenye yezona zinto ziphambili zeBhili yeBhili yoTshintshiselwano. Ukuchazwa ngokuchanekileyo kwesixa semali kuqinisekisa ukucaca kwexabiso lentengiselwano kwaye kuthintela iimbambano ezibangelwe zizibonelelo ezinqwenelekayo. Ngokwenyani, ukuba isixa ngamagama kunye namanani asingahambelani, ngokwemigaqo yomthetho wokuthengiswa kwesixhobo, iBhili yotshintshiselwano idla ngokuthathwa njengengasebenzi. Ke ngoko, idreyiya kufuneka ihlole ngocoselelo ukubhalwa kwenani.
- Igama le-Dewee: Chaza ngokucacileyo igama le-DEWEE, oko kukuthi, iqumrhu elithembisa ukuhlawula imali. Njengomthwali woxanduva lokuhlawula olwenziweyo, uphawu oluchanekileyo lwesazisi seDlue sibaluleke kakhulu, sivumela i-payee yokwazi ukuba ilungelo lokufaka intlawulo kufuneka lisetyenziswe.
- Igama le-payee: Chaza igama le-payee, oko kukuthi, umamkeli weNgxowa-mali. Ingcaciso echanekileyo ye-PAEE iqinisekisa ukuchaneka kokuhamba kwemali enkulu kwaye kuthintela ukungalunganga okanye intlawulo engalunganga yemali.
- Umhla kunye nendawo yokukhutshwa: Ukurekhoda umhla kunye nendawo yokukhutshwa kwesixhobo kubaluleke kakhulu. Umhla wokukhutshwa unceda ukumisela ixesha elifanelekileyo lesixhobo. Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zeebhili zokutshintshiselana zinemigaqo eyahlukeneyo kwixesha lokudalwa. Umzekelo, iBhili yokujonga itshintshiselwano kufuneka ihlawulwe kwangoko, ngelixa iBhili yeXabiso igqiba ixesha lokuhlawula esekwe ngomhla wokukhutshwa kunye nemithetho ethile. Indawo yokukhutshwa ihambelana nokusetyenziswa kwemithetho ukuya kwinqanaba elithile. Kunokubakho umahluko kwimithetho yamanqaku aphezulu okuxoxwayo yemimandla eyahlukeneyo kwezinye iinkcukacha. Ukucacisa indawo yokukhutshwa kuyinto efanelekileyo yokumisela amalungiselelo afanelekileyo okusemthethweni kwimeko yeembambano.
- Utyikityo okanye itywina ledraweli: Idreyini kufuneka isayine okanye itywine kwisixhobo sokuqinisekisa kwaye sithembisa umxholo wesixhobo. Esi sisiseko esibalulekileyo kwidrowa ukuba ithathe uxanduva lesixhobo. Ngophawu okanye itywina, idreya ibonisa ukwamkelwa kwayo kwimicimbi ebhalwe kwiBhili yoTyelelo kwaye ilungele ukuthwala iziphumo ezifanayo. Ngaphandle kwezi zinto zingasentla, iBhili yotshintshiselwano inokuthathwa njengengasebenziyo. Ke ngoko, xa ukhupha kwaye wafumana iBhili yotshintshiselwano, kubalulekile ukuba uphonononge ngononophelo le mixholo yeqhosha.
(1) Uyilo lwebhanki:
Idrafti yebhanki yibhili yokutshintshiselana ekhutshiweyo kwaye iqinisekisiwe yibhanki. Isetyenziswe ngokubanzi – Ixabiso lentengiselwano yorhwebo lwamanye amazwe. Umzekelo, ishishini laseTshayina elingentla – Ukuphela kwezixhobo ezivela eJamani, kubandakanya inani lentengiselwano yezigidi zee-Euro.
Ishishini laseTshayina linokufaka isicelo kwibhanki yalo yokuvula ukuze ikhuphe idrafti yebhanki ukuhlawula intlawulo. I-CAB i-dilly ixhomekeke kwityala lebhanki kwaye inomgangatho ophezulu wetyala, ngentlawulo ekhuselekileyo nethembekileyo. Xa ibhanki iyenza uyilo, iya kuqhuba uphononongo olungqongqo kwimeko yemali yomenzi-sicelo, njl njl, ukuqinisekisa ukuba kukho imali eyaneleyo yokuhlawula inani loyilo. Oku kwenza ukuba i-theeee akwenzi ukuba ikhathazeke ngomngcipheko wetyala le-DEEEE, ephucula kakhulu ukhuseleko lwentengiselwano.
(2) Uyilo lwentengiso:
Uyilo lwentengiso yiBhili yokutshintshiselana okukhutshwe lishishini okanye umntu ngamnye. Xa kuthelekiswa nedrafti yebhanki, umngcipheko wayo wekhredithi uphakama kuba intlawulo yoyilo ixhomekeke kwimowudi yetyala yeshishini lokukhupha ishishini okanye umntu ngamnye.
Nangona kunjalo, uyilo lwezorhwebo kulula ukusebenza kwaye lube neendleko eziphantsi, kwaye zixhaphake kakhulu kurhwebo lwasekhaya. Umzekelo, incinci – I-SHICPRINE YENKCAZO YOKUTHENGA IXESHA LOKUTHENGA I-PABIPER evela kumthengisi welaphu.
Ngenxa yexabiso elincinci lentengiselwano kunye nesiseko esithile esisekwe ngokudala – Intsebenziswano yekota phakathi kwala matheko mabini, ishishini lempahla yokunxiba inokukhupha idrafti yentengiso yokuhlawula intlawulo, icofe inkqubo yentengiselwano kunye nokunciphisa iindleko ezinje ngokukhupha idrafti yebhanki.
(2) I-2) Ityala leXesha loTshintshiselwano:
I-bill yexesha lokutshintshiselana yibhili yokutshintshiselana ehlawulwa ngomhla othile okanye emva kwexesha elithile. Ihlala isetyenziswa kakhulu – Intengiselwano yexabiso okanye izihlandlo ezifuna intlawulo ekhutshiweyo, ukunceda amashishini anciphise uxinzelelo lwezemali.
Umzekelo, ishishini lokuphuhlisa amashishini okuthenga izindlu lokuthenga isixa esikhulu sezinto zokwakha ezivela kumthengisi wezixhobo zokwakha. Ngenxa yexabiso elikhulu lentengiselwano, ishishini lophuhliso lingamfutshane okwethutyana lemali.
La maqela mabini athethathethane nokwamkela ixesha lendlela yokuhlawula iSavamisa kwaye uyavuma ukuhlawula inkqubela phambili emva kweprojekthi yokwakha ifikelela kwimali ethile, kwangaxeshanye ekhusela amalungelo kunye nemidla yomthengisi.
(1) Ityala elicocekileyo:
Ibhili ecocekileyo yibhili yokutshintshiselana ngaphandle kwayo nayiphi na into eqhotyoshelweyo Ukuhambisa ngenqanawe amaxwebhu. Umsebenzi wayo ulula kwaye awufuni ukudluliselwa kwamaxwebhu anzima kunye nokuphononongwa.
Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokunqongophala kwamaxwebhu okuhambisa kunye namanye amaxwebhu obuviwa kwiimpahla, umngcipheko uphakame kakhulu. Kwi-lending ye-capital okanye encinci – Ixabiso lorhwebo phakathi kwamashishini adibeneyo ngolawulo oluhle, amatyala acocekileyo anokusetyenziswa.
Umzekelo, kulwabiwo oluyintloko phakathi kwaNdlunkulu kunye nesebe, iBhili ecocekileyo inokusetyenziswa ngokusekwe kwinqanaba eliphezulu lokuthenjwa.
(2) I-bill yoxwebhu:
Ibhili yexwebhu yiBhili yoTshintshiselwano ehamba kunye namaxwebhu okuhambisa kwaye ihlala isetyenziswa kurhwebo lwamanye amazwe. La maxwebhu okuhambisa abandakanya amatyala okuhlamba, ii-invoice, uluhlu lokupakisha, njl.
Umzekelo, kurhwebo lwentengiso yamanye amazwe, njengorhwebo lweoyile, ore yentsimbi, njl njl.
Kuba umthengi unokufumana kuphela amaxwebhu okuhambisa kwaye athathe iimpahla emva kokuhlawula imali yeBhili, ngempumelelo ekuqinisekiseni ukhuseleko lwentengiselwano.
(1) Ityala lokwamkela ibhanki:
Umthetho oYilwayo wokwamkela ibhanki lixesha le-Prest yoTshintshiselwano eyamkelweyo yibhanki kwaye inomgangatho ophezulu wetyala. Amashishini kufuneka enze isicelo kwiBhanki yokukhupha i-bill yotshintshiselwano kwaye ihlala ifuna ukubonelela ngesiqinisekiso okanye iidipozithi. Kwintengiselwano apho enkulu – Izixhobo zokufaka ishishini lokwenza ishishini zithatha ii-odolo zaphesheya, xa izixhobo zemveliso yeshishini lokuthenga iinxalenye umthengisi, inokukhupha iBhili eyamkelayo yebhanki.
Emva kokuba ibhanki iyayamkela, iba ngumtya oyintloko wetyala lotshintshiselwano. Nokuba ishishini elikhuphayo lineengxaki zemali, iBhanki kufuneka ihlawule ngokoMthetho oYilwayo weSivumelwano sokutshintshiselana, ukuphucula kakhulu umyinge wetyala kwityala lotshintshiselwano nokwenza umthengisi uzimisele ngakumbi ukwamkela le ndlela yokuhlalisa.
(2) Ityala lokwamkela iRhafu:
Umthetho oYilwayo wokwamkela ukuthengisa lixesha-bhili otshintshiselwano olwamkelweyo lishishini okanye umntu, ngetyala lokurhweba njengokuthenga ngetyala. Ihlala isetyenziswa kwimali yokubonelela ngemali ukuze ancede amashishini amfutshane – Iimfuno zenkxaso-mali yexesha.
Umzekelo, kwi-chain yoncedo lokuhambisa, njengeshishini eliphambili, impahla yempahla yokunxiba imiba i-bills yokwamkelwa kwabathengisi bayo, abantu abathengisayo, njl.
Abathengisi banokufaka isicelo semali ekwaziyo imali kumaziko emali kunye neBhili yotshintshiselwano, bafumane imali kwangaphambili, basombulule ingxaki ye-tunsover, kwaye kwangaxeshanye bomeleza ubudlelwane bentsebenzo phakathi kwamashishini aphantsi kolawulo.
1. Isiqinisekiso setyala:
Imizobo yebhanki kunye neebhiliyoni zokwamkelwa kwebhanki zinokhuseleko lwentlawulo ephezulu ngenxa yesiqinisekiso sebhanki yebhanki.
Njengamaziko emali, iibhanki zinamandla emali eyomeleleyo kunye neenkqubo zolawulo lomngcipheko. Ityala labo letyala lenza ukuba intlawulo yoMthetho oYilwayo yokutshintshwa inokuthenjwa.
Kwi-payee, ukubamba i-bill yotshintshiselwano ifana nokubamba ukuzibophelela kwentlawulo yebhanki, ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuqokelela. Kurhwebo lwamanye amazwe kwaye lukhulu – Intengiselwano yexabiso, isiqinisekiso setyala sibaluleke kakhulu kwaye sikhuthaza isigqibo esigungxulayo sentengiselwano.
2. Ukuhlawula ukuguqulwa:
Amatyala okujonga kunye neMithetho yeXesha lokuTshintshanisa iZinto ezahlukeneyo zokuThengisa ukuze ahlangabezane neemfuno ezahlukeneyo zentengiselwano.
Ityala lokujonga lotshintshiselwano lifanelekile kwiimeko apho imali kufuneka iphinde ifumaneke ngokungxamisekileyo okanye intengiselwano kwangoko, iqinisekisa ukufika kwemali ngokukhawuleza; Iibhidlana zexesha lokutshintshiselana zinika i-DEWEE ixesha elithile lokulungiselela imali, ikhulule uxinzelelo lwezemali, kwaye kwangaxeshanye libonelela nge-payee ngemvumelwano yemali elindelweyo. Omabini amaqela anokuguqulwa ngokukhethekileyo uhlobo lweBhili loLondolozo lweNgxelo yeMali kunye neyona meko yentengiselwano.
3. Umsebenzi wezemali:
Imizobo yorhwebo kunye neendleko zokwamkelwa zinokusetyenziselwa imali yokufumana imali yokuphelisa uxinzelelo lwezezimali lwamashishini.
Xa ishishini libambe idrafti yokuthengisa okanye i-bill yokwamkela ibhanki kodwa kukufuneka imali engxamisekileyo, inokusebenza kwiBhanki okanye amanye amaziko emali ukuze aphulukane netyala lotshintshiselwano olungafunekiyo. Iziko lezemali liya kuncitshisa inzala evela kumhla wesaphulelo ukuya kumhla wokukhula komthetho otshintshiselwano ngeresti yesaphulelo kwaye ihlawule imali eseleyo kwishishini.
Umzekelo, incinci – kunye nendawo – Ishishini le-SARD libambe ityala lokwamkela ukuthengisa ekhula kwiinyanga ezintathu kodwa okwangoku ujongene nokunqongophala kwemali yokuthengwa kwezinto ezikhuselweyo.
Ngokwenza ukuba i-DARDE YOLWAZI NGE-Bhanki, iShishini inokufumana imali kwangaphambili ukuba ithengiselwe, isombulule ingxaki yengqokelela yemali yemali, kunye nokuphucula ubuchule be-shishini kunye nokusebenza kweshishini.
1. Uphononongo lwetyala:
Xa wamkele i-bill yotshintshiselwano, iyimfuneko ukuphononongwa imeko yetyala ledrawer kunye nemvume yokunciphisa umngcipheko ongagqibekanga.
Kwidrowa, ingxelo yekhredithi yeshishini inokwenziwa, udumo lwayo lweshishini elidlulileyo, iimeko zokusebenza, kunye nodumo lweshishini lunokuqondwa ukuvavanya ityala lakhe.
Kwimfihlo, ukuba nguMthetho oYilwayo woKwazisa ngeZamkeli owamkelweyo lishishini, uphononongo olubanzi lwetyala lokwamkela ishishini luyafuneka; Ukuba yi-bill yokwamkela ibhanki, nangona ikhredithi yebhanki iphakame, kuyayimfuneko ukunikela ingqalelo kwi-Bank yokusebenza kozinzo kunye nodumo.
Umzekelo, kwiprojekthi yokuthenga ngokuthenga ngempahla, ukuba umthengisi ucebisa ukuba uhlawulwe ngoMthetho oYilwayo woKwaziswa ngeNkxaso-mali yeTyala kunye nokuvumela kwayo ukuba ihlawule i-ilahleko ukuba ihlawule i-on of the Pottied of the Party.
2. Chaza amagama:
Qinisekisa ukuba iBhili yokutshintshiselana ichaza ngokucacileyo umhla wentlawulo, isixa, kunye nolwazi lwe-selaye ukunqanda iimbambano. Inkcazo echanekileyo yomhla wokuhlawula ihambelana nokumiselwa kwexesha lokuhlawula.
Ukuba umhla ungowokuchasa okanye awuchanekanga, kunokukhokelela ekulibaziseni kwentlawulo okanye inkqubela phambili, kubangele iimbambano; Isixa ngamagama ngamagama kunye namanani kufuneka siguqulwe kwaye sichanekile, esona sisiseko esiphambili sentlawulo yengxowa; Isalathiso esichanekileyo solwazi lwe-DEEE wacacisa umzimba ophambili wokuhlawula.
Ngokwenene umsebenzi, nayiphi na impazamo okanye imposiso ngayo naliphi na la magama anokuzisa iingxaki kuwo omabini amaqela orhwebo. Ke ngoko, xa ukhupha kwaye efumana iBhili yotshintshiselwano, le mibandela iphambili kufuneka ihlolwe ngononophelo.
3. Ukuthobela imithetho:
Qhelana kwaye uthobele iMigaqo yeNdawo yeNgeniso yaseKhaya kunye neyaMazwe aphesheya yokuqinisekisa ubunyani bezotshintshiselwano. IMithetho yeNgxoxo yamazwe ahlukeneyo kunye nemimandla inokuba nengcaciso yokukhutshwa, ukuqinisekiswa, ukwamkelwa, intlawulo, kunye nolunye unxibelelwano lweBhili yoTshintshiselwano.
Umzekelo, kwimigaqo yokupheliswa kokuqinisekiswa, eminye imimandla ifuna ukuba ukuqinisekiswa kufuneka kuqhubeke kwaye kwifom emiselweyo, kungenjalo ukuqinisekiswa akuvumelekanga.
Xa usebenzisa iBhili yotshintshiselwano kurhwebo lwamanye amazwe, amashishini kufuneka aqonde kwaye alandele imithetho kunye neMigaqo eNgezelelweyo eYatshwayo kunye nemigaqo yokuthintela iBhili yokuTshintsha okanye iMthethweni ngenxa yemiba yezomthetho.
4. Uthintelo lomngcipheko:
Enkulu – Intengiselwano yexabiso, kuyacetyiswa ukuba isebenzise i-Drafti yeBhanki okanye iBhola yeBhanki yokwamkela ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lweemali.
Enkulu – Intengiselwano yexabiso ibandakanya isixa esikhulu semali, kwaye kube kanye kumngcipheko wokuhlawula wenzeka, kuya kuba nefuthe elikhulu kwishishini. Imizobo yebhanki kunye neendleko zokwamkelwa kwebhanki ziqinisekisiwe ngetyala lebhanki kwaye zinokunciphisa ngempumelelo umngcipheko.
Umzekelo, emnqamlezweni – Umda omkhulu – IProjekthi yeZixhobo zokuSebenza ezibandakanya amashumi ezigidi zeedola zaseMelika kwinani lentengiselwano, iqela lokuthenga lisebenzisa i-bill yokwamkela ibhanki ukuhlawula intlawulo, enokuqinisekisa umthengisi Ukuthumela iimpahla kwaye uqiniseke ukuba inkqubela phambili egudileyo yentengiselwano. Kwangelo xesha, ikwabonelela ngenqanaba elithile lokuguquguquka kulungiselelo lwendlu yokuthenga.
Ukuqukumbela
Ndiyathemba ukuba ulwazi olungasentla lunokukunceda uqonde ngcono iintlobo kunye nokusetyenziswa kweendleko zokutshintshiselana.
Ukuba unayo nayiphi na imibuzo okanye funa unxibelelwano oluqhubekayo, nceda ukhululeke ukushiya umyalezo kwiCandelo leNgxelo okanye Qhagamshelana nam ngolwazi lokunxibelelana. Enkosi ngokufunda, kwaye ndijonge phambili ekunxibelelaneni nani!
